1905 movie network exclusive feature On November 3rd, before the heating came, a feature film about the disaster of Mount Everest "climbed" into the mainland cinema, and a cold breath of "adding insult to injury" came on the face, and people could finally experience the taste of "ice peak exploration" on the big screen … …

　　　 Mount Everest has always been a sacred place in the minds of many young artists — — The clear sky and the snow-capped mountains filled with fairy clouds bring people unlimited space for daydreaming. For nearly a century, mountaineering enthusiasts from various countries and regions have never stopped their desire to conquer the highest peak in the world.

　　　 However, in order to step on this tallest beast, people pay a heavy price. On May 10, 1996, 12 climbers were killed, which was the worst mountain disaster in the history of Everest climbing at that time. This "Breaking Altitude" is adapted from this real event and tells the cause and effect of the mountain disaster with a very calm and restrained attitude. Let’s "enter the thin air zone" and explore the story behind this film:

Why "Everest": What should Mount Everest be called?

　　　 Viewers who have seen the poster of the international version of the film may notice that the English name of the film is "Everest" instead of "Chomolungma", while the Taiwan Province version is "Everest". So how did these names come from?

　　　 At present, it is more reliable to say that the name "Everest" originated from a surveying and mapping station of India’s Grand Triangulation Bureau in 1852. At that time, the surveyor was surprised to measure that the height of this mountain was the highest in the world and informed the director at that time. In 1865, nine years after this measurement was confirmed, the then director named the then numbered "No.15 Peak" Mount Everest after the surname of the former director Sir George Everest. This name is still deeply rooted in western countries, as evidenced by the title of this film.

　　　 Since the northern slope of Mount Everest is in Tibet and the southern slope is in Nepal, the two places have different names for this peak. The ancient and elegant name "Everest" comes from Tibetan transliteration, and its meaning has many explanations, such as "Mother of the Earth", "Water of the Virgin" and "The Third Goddess". In 1771, the Qing government officially finalized the word "Qomolangma" as a Chinese translation in the "Ganlong Neifu and Tu", which is still in use today. Since 1960, Nepalese people have called it "Sagamata", which means "Goddess of the Sky". Taiwan Province people combined the names of Tibetans and Nepalis, and came up with the name "Everest", which is a little mistaken for being associated with Christianity.

Going up the mountain is easier than going down: what is the experience of climbing Mount Everest?

　　　 People who don’t know Mount Everest may think that the process of climbing up is the most thrilling, but in fact, when the whole film "Breaking Altitude" is only halfway through, almost all the protagonists in the film have reached the top. The film spent a lot of time depicting the tension and misery of the mountaineering team when it went down the mountain, as well as the moral bottom line and family values of people exposed in this cruel life-and-death contest.

　　　 According to the survey results of China State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping in 2005, the rock face height of Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters, which is equivalent to the sailing height of a Boeing 747. As the movie said, in theory, people are "dead" at this height. Therefore, most of the time in the film, climbers are struggling with the gradual loss of physical strength, hallucinations caused by severe hypothermia and hypoxia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Even if you barely reach the summit, you can go down because there is no oxygen or physical strength, and accidents may happen. This mountain disaster in the film shows exactly this situation.

　　　 In addition, what the film fails to emphasize is that climbing Mount Everest is not a "feat" that can be completed in a day or two on a whim, but more like a huge, long and boring construction project. Mountaineers often need to arrive at the base camp at an altitude of 5367 meters at the foot of Mount Everest one or two months in advance to adapt to the rapid breathing, the change of pH value and the surge of red blood cells at high altitude, and at the same time, they have to do adaptive climbing between camps. At the same time, due to the changeable climate and poor living conditions of Mount Everest, symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and dizziness are often commonplace. For climbers with less climbing experience, the use of ice claws, ice picks, ladders and safety ropes also takes time to learn.

Next page: the exploration of Mount Everest is seriously commercialized: Mount Everest becomes a "pigsty"

　　[PConline gossip]In the first test of X470 motherboard, we mentioned that X470 motherboard will give a software AMD StoreMI technology worth 19 dollars with the board. Unfortunately, the software used by AMD at that time was not perfect, so we failed to evaluate and analyze this technology at that time. Fortunately, many problems can be solved through time. Now we finally get the supporting software of AMD StoreMI. Let’s take a look at whether this technology is a chicken rib or an artifact to enhance the user experience.

　　AMD StoreMI is a technology provided with X470 motherboard, which can be used as long as it is X470 motherboard. Its biggest function is to accelerate the traditional mechanical hard disk with slow reading and writing.

　　Everyone knows that using SSD will be fast, but the 1TB SSD that can meet the storage needs of most consumers is too expensive, so now most consumers can only choose a compromise way, that is, install the system and frequently read and write files on the SSD with small capacity, and then put large files and games on the mechanical hard disk with slow reading and writing. The advantage of this is that compared with using only mechanical hard disk, our daily application system is very responsive in web browsing, viewing desktop files, etc., and the user experience is optimized without spending too much money, but the disadvantage is that the feedback of the system is still heartbreaking when reading and writing the file game program that starts the mechanical hard disk.

　　butAMD StoreMI is to combine the HDD, SSD and part of the computer’s memory (up to 2GB of DDR4 memory) into a storage whole, and accelerate the HDD which was originally slow to read and write, so that we can fly quickly when reading and writing files on the mechanical hard disk..

　　In our traditional mode of using computers, the file storage address needs to be managed manually by our users, but when AMD StoreMI is turned on, the system intelligent learning algorithm constantly optimizes the common file locations.Migrate frequently accessed files to the storage device with the fastest reading and writing speed..

　　In fact, this function is similar to Intel’s Aoteng, which uses the devices with faster reading and writing as the cache of the devices with slower reading and writing to accelerate the devices with slower reading and writing. However, many consumers know that Aoteng has many shortcomings, such as occupying the M.2 interface and booting into the system before it can be used. So let’s take a look at whether AMD StoreMI technology has similar problems.

　　This test platform adopts the combination of the flagship of the second generation Ryzen plus ASUS ROG C7H(WI-FI) and N hard disks for emergency use.

　　The main purpose of this test is to test whether the combination of mechanical disk and solid-state hard disk has a qualitative improvement in the reading and writing performance test and actual daily use of AMD StoreMI technology. Besides, it will also test the usability of this technology and analyze its advantages and disadvantages.

　　First, we went to official website to download and install the software, and now official website has started to provide AMD StoreMI software downloads.

　　There is nothing to say about the installation process. Although it is all in English, we just need to keep clicking Next, Next and Next. Near the end of the installation process, some users may pop up a warning, which means that some components of the software need to be installed with Java 1.7 or higher. Do you need to install it? Just point it out directly.

　　After the installation, a shortcut to the software appears on the desktop. Obviously, the software has just been made, and there is no Chinese version. The dozens of pages of instructions for the software are also in English, which is really not very friendly to Chinese people. This needs to be spit out.

　　Opening AMD StoreMI software is naturally in pure English. There will be two options displayed here. The first option is for users to have a shared hard disk of ssd and hdd, one of which has a system disk installed and the other is empty. Officials suggest users to install the system in the mechanical hard disk first. The second option means to build a StoreMI system without a system, and keep the partition and data of one hard disk, but not both hard disks..The third line, that is, the second option, is applicable when the user has three hard disks and wants to integrate two hard disks other than the system installation hard disk.

　　For example, for example, my system is installed on the Galaxy Gamer 480GB, and I want to integrate Samsung 860EVO and Western Digital Blu-ray Disc through AMD StoreMI technology, so I chose the third option.

　　Then it will ask the user whether the software can divide 2GB of memory as the accelerated cache of the merged hard disk. In order to test whether AMD StoreMI technology is really useful, we can choose here.

　　We will soon see the prompt to create a new hard disk successfully.

　　At this time, we open the disk management in my computer management, and we can see that disk 0 and disk 2 have no capacity, and they are merged into a new disk 4. Let’s simply call it AMD StoreMI hard disk first. Then let’s take a look at the performance of this new disk.

　　In order to make the test results more intuitive, we also tested the reading, writing and practical application results of 860 EVO 256GB and 2TB of Western Digital Blu-ray Disc, and then we summed up the results of 860 EVO, Western Digital Blu-ray Disc and AMD StoreMI hard disk, and we can intuitively see whether this technology is useful.

AS SSD Benchmark test:

　　Test summary:AMD StoreMI technology is really a new species for storage. In the traditional hard disk reading and writing test, we can see that AMD StoreMI hard disk has abnormal results in many tests. Let’s analyze them one by one. In terms of continuous reading and writing performance, the reading performance of AMD StoreMI hard disk is surprisingly high. You can still remember that when we used AMD StoreMI to create a new hard disk, we divided 2GB of memory as the cache of the new hard disk. According to this reading speed, we guess that the software is reading the speed measured by the data in the memory at this time. In terms of read response time, the read response time of AMD StoreMI hard disk is also bizarre, which can only be understood as that it takes a lot of time for the driver to find the read data in three different storage media (memory, SSD and HDD). Other reading and writing scores are more in line with expectations, far better than HDD, but slightly worse than SSD. Of course, testing with a single software doesn’t mean anything. Let’s continue testing.

CrystalDiskMark test:

　　Test summary:Whether it is random reading or continuous reading, the performance of AMD StoreMI hard disk is still scary, but the performance of writing is not as good as that of pure SSD, and the test performance is consistent with that of AS SSD Benchmark.

DiskSpeedTest：

　　Test summary:The relative performance of the three hard disks is basically consistent with the above software, but the reading performance of AMD StoreMI hard disk is not so off the charts.It seems that the software driver is not perfect., leading to different software test results are quite different.

Anvil`s Storage Utilities test:

Western Digital Blu-ray Disc 2TB

Samsung 860 EVO 250GB

AMD StoreMI hard disk

　　Test summary: Anvil`s Storage Utilities can fully see the performance of a hard disk. The reading performance of AMD StoreMI here is still excellent, and the writing performance is slightly lower than that of Samsung 860 EVO.

　　Of course, the benchmark performance test can only reflect the theoretical performance of the hard disk, and we need to combine its performance in daily applications to draw a conclusion.

　　Test summary:In various daily applications, AMD StoreMI hard disk is slightly inferior to Samsung 86 EVO 250GB in a file decompression test, and other performances are basically the same as Samsung 860 EVO 250GB. Let’s take a look at the stability of AMD StoreMI hard disk in transmission.

　　After the test, let’s try to restore the hard disk. I have to say that this is the most troublesome part in a winter.

　　We open the software of AMD StoreMI again. At this time, only the last option, Change Settings, can be selected. Because the original screenshot can’t be found in a winter, I will use the screenshot before AMD StoreMI hard disk was created as an auxiliary explanation. Please don’t kill a winter to sacrifice to heaven.

Pretend there’s a picture here

　　At this point, we can click a Remove option, and the software will separate the two hard disks that have been fused together after clicking.And move all the data to HDD.

　　This process is very long. This operation has not been completed until the end of work one winter. After about 3 hours, we can see that Disk 0 and Disk 2 are finally back.

　　In addition, there is a quick way to remove StoreMI, that is, click Delete in Change Settings, so that the two disks will be restored to their original state at a fast speed, and of course all the data in them will be lost..

　　In fact, AMD StoreMI is a technology that combines SSD and HDD into a hybrid hard disk through software. When we write a file, the system will first write the file into SSD, and then AMD StoreMI will intelligently judge whether the file is commonly used according to user habits.Keep the commonly used files in SSD, and the infrequently used files, such as audio and video, pictures, etc., will be moved to the mechanical hard disk when the disk is idle.. AMD official data also shows that when we replace SATA SSD with NVMe SSD, AMD StoreMI’s reading and writing speed will become the same as NVMe SSD.

New AMD StoreMI hard disk

970 EVO 1TB

　　Then I tried it one winter, using Samsung 970 EVO 1TB and Western Digital Blue Disk 2TB to form a new AMD StoreMI hard disk, and the writing speed really became NVMe SSD level.

　　We can also see that the reading speed of AMD StoreMI hard disk is very off the charts in the above test, which is probably the result of using memory to accelerate the new hard disk, but this is not very obvious in the actual application test, and the game loading speed is consistent with that of pure SSD.

　　Conceptually, AMD StoreMI is a software that helps you manage disks and files intelligently.Put the commonly used software on SSD and the infrequently used software on HDD.Whether this software works or not actually depends on how intelligent it is. A smart housekeeper is a good housekeeper, and an unintelligent housekeeper is worse than nothing. This also means that this technology can be continuously improved through user feedback. Based on the above tests, in fact, the advantages and disadvantages of this technology are obvious, and we can list them separately.

　　AMD StoreMI has three advantages, the most important of which is that it can intelligently help users manage file storage addresses, which is simply the gospel of lazy cancer patients, and many inventions that promote social progress in history are invented for lazy people; The second is that after this function is turned on, when I move files on this disk, I write them into ssd first, and then move them later. Then the file transfer is carried out at the transfer speed of SSD, and on the surface, the user seems to have a large-capacity solid state. Third, compared with Intel’s Opteron, we don’t need to buy additional hardware.

　　However, the shortcomings of this technology are also obvious. If you use a relatively slag SSD and HDD to start this technology,If one day your SSD is scrapped, the data of your whole hard disk including HDD will be gone.; Finally, based on the above tests, we can find that the write performance of AMD StoreMI hard disk is slightly worse than that of the original pure SSD. No matter whether 860 EVO or 970 EVO is used, the performance of SSD will be partially lost. Finally, this technology is presented with the X470 motherboard. If you use the AMD 300 series motherboard and want to use this function, it will cost 19 dollars. At this time, consumers need to measure whether it is useful to themselves.

　　Generally speaking, this technology is a good benefit for consumers who have purchased the X470 motherboard. If you have a reliable SSD, you can actually use this technology boldly. However, if you are not a user of the X470 motherboard, I suggest that you wait and see until this technology is more perfect. After all, it doesn’t even have a Chinese version of the manual, and it is still a very initial product.

　　CCTV News: (Reporter Ren Jia)Who would be so strong if life were not easy?

　　A while ago, Beijing ushered in windy weather, and the gust could reach 9 or so. There are many pictures on the Internet of riders struggling to walk in the gale. Some people stand up and fall down after being blown over by the wind … … For this scene, Yang Xue is familiar with it, because that day, she was also blown down by the strong wind on the way to delivery.

　　With the development of China’s Internet, especially the mobile Internet, the take-away industry has made great strides. According to the Statistical Report on the Development of Internet in China, as of June 2019, the number of online take-away users in China reached 421 million, accounting for about half of the total size of netizens.

　　The "lazy economy" has spawned various online ordering platforms, and the riders who send takeout have also emerged. In this industry where male practitioners are the majority, there are many female riders who are plain and thin, but they are no less than any male. According to statistics, out of every 100 riders, 10 are female riders, 5 of whom are post-90s, and 30% of the female takeout staff are single-king riders who take orders in the region.

　　Yang Xue, a 24-year-old Beijing girl, is one of the few female riders.

　　daily

　　"On the windy day, there were a lot of orders." In Yang Xue’s impression, her cell phone kept ringing, and she didn’t have time to find a place to take shelter. Her car was blown down several times. This little girl, who is only 1.6 meters tall, can’t hold down the car at all. When the wind was the strongest, the resistance was so great that she had to stop at the same place and wait for the gust to pass before starting.

　　Even so, the accident came. On the way to take the meal, a strong wind made Yang Xue, who was turning the corner, unable to escape, and even the car and people were blown down. The car hit his leg, and Yang Xue couldn’t move in pain. She wanted to call for help, but the phone was in the pocket in front of the car, and the car was holding her leg, so she couldn’t reach it at all. It was windy at night and there were very few pedestrians. She sat for a long time without seeing anyone passing by, and her legs were swollen. "I feel my heart is getting cold." Fortunately, the passing driver saw her and helped her up. After getting up, she couldn’t take care of her leg pain, so she hurriedly called her colleague and asked him to take the meal for delivery.

　　Delivery is a hard job, and it takes a lot of effort to catch up with the time. Yang Xue sometimes starts work at 6 o’clock in the morning and works until 12 o’clock in the evening. Running upstairs and downstairs has become a daily routine. When you are busy, you can’t eat, and sometimes you can’t even drink water. Catch up with customers to buy several barrels of mineral water, which seems fragile, and she can only carry it upstairs one by one. Yang Xue’s husband is also a rider. Sometimes two people meet, because both sides are carrying meals in their hands, it is not convenient to take off their masks, just honking their horns or making faces at each other, and they pass by.

　　Besides, security is Yang Xue’s biggest concern. Riders shuttle through the traffic every day, and if they are not careful, they are prone to traffic accidents. She once had a scuffle with a car for robbing the road, but fortunately, the person was fine, and the owner didn’t pursue it when he saw that the car was fine. However, her car was damaged and the guest’s soup was spilled, so she had to pay for the restaurant to make a new one.

　　"I have hit cars, bicycles and electric cars. This is the third car I have changed." In fact, every rider has been repeatedly stressed that "you can’t run a red light" when entering the job. But running dozens of orders a day, with so many anxious customers, Yang Xue found it difficult to completely obey the traffic rules.

　　customer

　　Compared with physical fatigue, Yang Xue is more afraid of making things difficult for customers.

　　Yang Xue’s sense of direction is not very strong. When he first started work, he was not very familiar with the route and surrounding communities. There are many high-rise buildings and dense communities in Beijing, so it is not easy to find them, and it is even more difficult to catch up with multiple names in the same community. On the day of the winter solstice, jiaozi’s best-selling food was slow, and it was too late for Yang Xue to pick it up. She came to the community according to the address of the customer’s order, but she couldn’t find it for a long time, and the customer couldn’t tell how to get there. Later, she made a video call with her husband and finally arrived at the delivery place under his guidance, but the order was overdue for 20 minutes. Knocking on the door, the customer didn’t accept her apology at all, and accused her completely.

　　"Why did you come so late?"

　　"How can I eat this jiaozi?"

　　"Aren’t you supposed to send me this family for special delivery?" "No, sister, please listen to me."

　　"You don’t have to explain, you should send it to my family!"

　　For 20 minutes, customers kept blaming Yang Xue. In order to calm customers’ emotions and avoid getting bad reviews, Yang Xue can only keep apologizing to customers. "Elder sister, I really worked hard. I will definitely deliver the meal as soon as possible. I hope you understand me and don’t give me bad reviews." Coming down from upstairs, Yang Xue’s eyes were red, and when she came home to see her husband, tears of injustice and sadness could not stop flowing down.

　　The only bad review in her takeaway career made her laugh and cry.

　　After she delivered the meal ordered by the customer to the designated hotel, the customer said that she was taking a bath and it was not convenient to go downstairs to get the meal. Let her put it at the front desk. Subsequently, she got a bad review on the grounds that the delivery was confirmed in advance. Can’t communicate can’t explain, Yang Xue can only accept. For customers, this may be just a refreshing vent, but for riders, getting a bad review may mean a punishment and a heart injury.

　　"In fact, most customers are very polite and will say thank you. Especially in bad weather, some customers will tell me not to worry when it is cold and slippery in winter, and send me a bottle of iced mineral water before leaving in summer. " These small actions have made Yang Xue truly feel that although life is not easy, there is warmth everywhere in the world.

　　misfortune

　　Delivery is not Yang Xue’s first job. She also worked as a cashier, a courier, a restaurant waiter and a car washer … … "Sending a courier is much harder than sending a takeaway!" It is necessary to start loading at 7 o’clock every day, catch up with the community without elevators, and carry it up one by one. Recalling the past, Yang Xue still remembers it vividly. "I have sent a big box of goods as high as my height. If I can’t move it, I will move it upstairs bit by bit." Because she lives far away, Yang Xue has to get up early every day, and once she fell asleep on the way to deliver the courier, causing people and cars to overturn on the side of the road.

　　Although the work was hard, Yang Xue also gained sweet love. When she was a courier, she met her current husband, took care of her and cared for her, which made her feel the warmth of her family. Although she is a Beijinger, Yang Xue seldom goes back to Beijing in the past few years when she left home to work, which is what she regrets most.

　　Because his parents divorced, Yang Xue grew up with his father. When she graduated from high school, she had a big fight with her father and left home. My father has high blood pressure and diabetes and has been in poor health. In recent years, Yang Xue, though caring, couldn’t get past the hurdle in his heart and didn’t want to go home.

　　At the end of last year, my father went to the hospital for examination because of a bad stomachache. Advanced gastric cancer! Yang Xue couldn’t believe his eyes. She didn’t dare to tell her father the contents of the diagnosis, but his father seemed to perceive all this and told Yang Xue that if one day he was seriously ill, he wouldn’t be treated. He didn’t want to lie in the intensive care unit with tubes all over his body. Sick, Yang Xue hide not to live, she wanted to take her father to do chemotherapy, was rejected by his father, "don’t do chemotherapy! I don’t want to burden you, you have to raise children. Just take some medicine! "

　　Since her father became ill, Yang Xue went to see her father after work every night, but after sitting for less than ten minutes, her father worried that it was unsafe for her to walk at night and "kicked her out". The disease developed rapidly. Half a year after the diagnosis, his father died, which made Yang Xue, who had lived with his father since childhood, extremely sad. When I was alone, Yang Xue always recalled that when I was a child, I fell on my father’s generous back and felt the warmth and greatness; On the wedding day, I saw my father turn his back and shed tears; In front of the delivery room, my father paced up and down anxiously … … She regretted her impulsiveness, because after that, there was no "dad" in her world.

　　future

　　Fortunately, the hard life didn’t crush the 24-year-old girl. Although her father is gone, she left her optimistic and cheerful personality to Yang Xue. In the eyes of colleagues, she is still the little "chatterbox" who loves to talk and laugh, but no one knows how much life pressure this smiling girl has suffered.

　　During the more than one year of delivery, she experienced family changes, including car accidents, grievances and bad reviews … … But after tasting the hardships and bitterness of life, this 95-year-old girl is even more indifferent. If the heart is sunny, why worry about sadness? Life will always get better, and she always believes.

　　Today, her daughter has become her biggest concern. My 3-year-old daughter is so attached to her that she doesn’t want to sleep every day and has to wait for her to come home. In Yang Xue’s eyes, a child’s smile is a good medicine to cure all wounds. Yang Xue can’t always be with her daughter because of the delivery job, which is what she feels most indebted to her children. What she fears most is that when she knocks on a customer’s door, she sees a child of several years old in the other person’s house. "When I think of my daughter, I always secretly wipe my tears when I go downstairs."

　　Lu Yao wrote in "Ordinary World": "In fact, everyone’s life is a world, and even the most ordinary person has to fight for the world in which he lives."

　　When Yang Xue is lying in bed, his mind will flash across a yearning scene: the family will sit around and chat, take the children out for a walk after dinner, watch the square dance, take off the tooling and go to the seaside to take a beautiful family photo … … Thinking about it, I fell asleep.

　　There is a kind of fireworks, called small shops. Hundreds of millions of individual industrial and commercial households and small and micro enterprises spread all over urban and rural areas are "small cells" of the national economy and "a pool of spring water" to activate the socialist market economy.

　　Small and micro markets have a large number of subjects and sufficient vitality.

　　Recently, the statistics of the General Administration of Market Supervision show that as of January 2023, there were 170 million market players in China, including 114 million individual industrial and commercial households, accounting for about two-thirds of the total, driving nearly 300 million people to obtain employment.

　　Breaking through 100 million households, accounting for two-thirds, and driving nearly 300 million people to work, these are amazing figures. In the large market with a population of more than 1.4 billion, roughly speaking, one in a dozen people is an individual industrial and commercial household. Uncle’s small restaurant on the street, big sister’s fruit stall in the farmer’s market, and aunt’s life supermarket downstairs … … In every corner of urban and rural areas, individual industrial and commercial households have mushroomed.

　　No matter how small the enterprise is, it is the "life" in the market. Individual industrial and commercial households account for nearly 90% of the tertiary industry, focusing on wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, residential services and other industries, which really enrich the "fireworks" of people’s lives. Small shops and shops contain large account books related to people’s livelihood and life, which are the "capillaries" of economic activities and have very important practical significance for stabilizing growth, promoting employment and benefiting people’s livelihood.

　　In the past three years, China’s individual industrial and commercial households have gradually improved their adaptability and operational flexibility by increasing or broadening online channels, demonstrating the strength and resilience of the economic fundamentals.

　　According to the enterprise survey data, from 2019 to 2022, the number of newly registered individual industrial and commercial households in China increased steadily year by year, and exceeded 20 million for the first time in 2021. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, the number of new registrations increased by 13.3%, 6.6% and 2.4% respectively. Although the year-on-year growth rate slowed down, the number of new registrations still increased steadily.

　　Recently, China Small and Medium Enterprises Association announced the economic operation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In January 2023, the development index of small and medium-sized enterprises in China was 88.9, which was 1 point higher than that in December last year, and the increase rate reached the highest level in the past two years. Among them, the confidence of enterprise development rebounded, and the macroeconomic perception index reflecting the confidence of enterprises was 98.7, up 2.1 points from last month. Market expectations have been boosted, with a market index of 80.7, up 0.9 points from the previous month.

　　In recent years, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households have faced many difficulties, but their confidence in development has not diminished. This confidence comes from its inherent resilience, from the struggle of operators, and more from the new opportunities brought by national development.

　　Faced with new opportunities for development, small and micro market entities such as individual industrial and commercial households actively explore new technologies, new formats and new models, and become an important force for entrepreneurial innovation. According to the introduction of the General Administration of Market Supervision, in 2022, the growth rate of newly established individual industrial and commercial households in emerging service industries was strong. From January to August 2022, the growth rate of newly established individual industrial and commercial households in "scientific research and technical service industries" and "culture, sports and entertainment industries" reached 65.5% and 45.4% respectively. There were 5.112 million newly established "four innovations" (new technologies, new industries, new formats and new modes) economic individual industrial and commercial households, accounting for 37.6% of the total number of newly established individual industrial and commercial households, with a year-on-year increase of 1.0%.

　　By the end of August 2022, there were 32.221 million individual industrial and commercial households in the "four new" economy, accounting for 29.4% of the total registered individual industrial and commercial households, an increase of 12.7 percentage points over 2012. The "new individual economy" such as webcasting and Wechat business e-commerce have emerged one after another, injecting new vitality into economic transformation and upgrading.

　　Policies and measures to benefit enterprises "enrich blood" and "make blood"

　　Revitalizing the vitality of individual economy is inseparable from the tax "blood transfusion for oxygen". In recent years, various regions and departments have also introduced a series of policies and measures to help the development of small and micro market entities such as individual industrial and commercial households, so as to help the poor accurately.

　　In 2020, individual industrial and commercial households will be exempted from social security fees in stages, and individual industrial and commercial households will be allowed to delay the payment of personal income tax and social security fees for the current year.

　　In 2021, China will increase the monthly sales of small-scale taxpayers, including individual industrial and commercial households, from 100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan. For those individual industrial and commercial households whose taxable income does not exceed 1 million yuan, personal income tax will be halved on the basis of existing preferential policies.

　　The implementation of the Regulations on Promoting the Development of Individual Industrial and Commercial Households in November, 2022 has improved the institutional measures for promoting development and protecting rights and interests, and provided all-round support for the development of individual industrial and commercial households in terms of registration, supply of business premises, funds, taxation, finance, social security, entrepreneurship and employment, community convenience and intellectual property protection. In the first month of the implementation of the regulations, there were 2,040,300 newly registered individual industrial and commercial households nationwide, an increase of 14.9% from the previous month, which effectively stimulated the entrepreneurial innovation vitality of individual industrial and commercial households.

　　It is understood that in the tax and fee support policy in 2022, the most beneficial subjects are small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, and the new tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund deferred fees exceed 1.7 trillion yuan, accounting for about 40% of the total scale; In addition, nearly 80% of individual industrial and commercial households will not have to pay taxes in 2022. Judging from the situation of various industries, the newly added tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund and tax deferral in manufacturing industry is nearly 1.5 trillion yuan, accounting for about 35%, which is the most obvious industry.

　　Recently, the policy intensity has been continuously increased. The Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the State Council issued "Several Measures to Help Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to Stabilize Growth and Adjust Their Structural Strength" (hereinafter referred to as "Measures"). In order to further promote stable growth and expectations, and strive to promote the structural strength of small and medium-sized enterprises, 15 specific measures were put forward to inject vitality into their development.

　　The "Measures" clearly stated that the phased tax reduction and exemption policy due at the end of 2022 will be optimized and adjusted in light of actual conditions. In this regard, Sun Wenkai, deputy dean of the SME Research Institute of China Renmin University, said that this is actually a tax reduction and exemption policy for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households; Secondly, it also provides tax relief policies and social security deferred payment policies for specific industries.

　　Spring river plumbing duck prophet. The healthy growth of small and micro market entities such as individual industrial and commercial households is the resilience to promote high-quality development, and it is also a vivid annotation of China’s economic vitality.