On December 25, 2019, the Supreme People’s Court announced the "About Revision"

<关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定>Decision "(hereinafter referred to as the" Regulations on Evidence "), which will come into force on May 1, 2020.

It has been 18 years since the Regulations on Evidence came into effect on April 1, 2002. During this period, the Civil Procedure Law has undergone three revisions in 2007, 2012 and 2017, and in 2015, "the Supreme People’s Court on Application"

<民事诉讼法>Interpretation of "(hereinafter referred to as" Judicial Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law ") has been promulgated and implemented, and rich experience has been accumulated in the application of the rules of proof and evidence identification in trial practice. As a guide to civil litigation evidence, the Evidence Regulations also need to be improved and supplemented urgently.

There are 100 articles in the revised Provisions on Evidence, only 11 articles in the original article are retained, and the others are new and modified articles. Modifications and additions are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, modify and improve the rules of self-admission of the parties, so as to better balance the exercise of the right of disposition of the parties and the need for the people’s court to find out the facts;

Second, improve the system of "documentary evidence giving orders" and expand the ways for the parties to collect evidence;

Third, improve the system of parties’ and witnesses’ oaths and appraisers’ promises, as well as the sanctions for false statements by parties and witnesses and false appraisal by appraisers, so as to promote the construction of the integrity system in civil litigation;

Four, clear the scope of electronic data and electronic data review and identification rules.

This paper will focus on the above four aspects, so that readers can quickly get the essence of the new regulations. At the same time, in order to facilitate comparative study, this paper also attaches the old and new comparison tables for readers to learn and understand.

one

About self-admission

In civil litigation, one party does not need to prove the fact that it is unfavorable to itself. The parties admit the facts that are unfavorable to them, which is called "admission". "Confession" will have the legal consequence of exempting the other party from the burden of proof. Articles 3 to 9 of the Evidence Regulations have improved the system of self-admission:

1. The provisions on self-admission of entrusted agents have been revised. The original "Evidence Regulations" stipulated that if an unauthorized agent’s recognition of the facts directly led to the recognition of the other party’s claim, it would not be regarded as self-admission. The new "Evidence Regulations" has relaxed the scope of the principal-agent confession. "Except for the matters explicitly excluded by the power of attorney, the confession of the agent ad litem is regarded as the confession of the parties". That is, there is no longer a distinction between special authorization and general authorization. As long as the power of attorney is not explicitly excluded, the admission of the litigation agent is regarded as the admission of the parties. This article is amended as the embodiment of "estoppel principle" in the civil procedure law. At the same time, agents ad litem should be more cautious in the trial and avoid admitting the facts that are unfavorable to the parties at will.

2. The provisions on admission in joint action have been added. According to Article 6 of the new Evidence Regulations, common class actions and necessary class actions are distinguished:

(1) In common class action, the self-admission effect of one person or several people is only limited to themselves, and it does not produce self-admission effect for those who do not admit themselves;

(2) In the necessary joint action, it is deemed to be self-admission only if everyone agrees, and it is deemed to be self-admission if it does not admit or deny that the opinions are not clear after the court explanation.

3. Provisions on restriction and conditional admission have been added. In practice, the fact that one party claims against the other party is not always fully acknowledged, and sometimes it is conditionally and partially acknowledged. Article 7 of the new "Evidence Regulations" provides a general review rule for confession in this case, that is, "whether it constitutes confession is decided by the people’s court based on the comprehensive case situation".

4. The conditions for revoking admission have been revised. The original "Evidence Regulations" stipulates that if the other party agrees, or there is evidence to prove that the confession was made under duress and major misunderstanding, and it is inconsistent with the facts, it can be withdrawn. The new "Evidence Regulations" relaxes the conditions for the latter, that is, as long as it can be proved that the confession was made under duress and major misunderstanding, it is not necessary to prove that the confession is inconsistent with the facts, and it can be withdrawn before the end of the court debate, which reduces the standard of proof in this case.

two

About "Documentary evidence gives orders"

"Documentary evidence makes an order" was created by Article 112 of Judicial Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law, which stipulates: "If documentary evidence is under the control of the other party, the party who bears the burden of proof may apply to the people’s court in writing to order the other party to submit it before the expiration of the time limit for proof. If the reasons for the application are established, the people’s court shall order the other party to submit it, and the expenses arising from the submission of documentary evidence shall be borne by the applicant. If the other party refuses to submit it without justifiable reasons, the people’s court may determine that the documentary evidence advocated by the applicant is true. " Articles 45 to 48 of the new Evidence Regulations have improved the system.

1. The application conditions for "documentary evidence to make an order" are clarified. If one party applies to the court to order the other party to submit documentary evidence, it shall submit an application stating: (1) the name or content of documentary evidence; (2) the facts to be proved and their importance; (3) The other party controls the documentary evidence. Correspondingly, if the documentary evidence stated by the parties is not clear, it is unnecessary to prove the facts to be proved, or the facts to be proved have no substantial influence on the judgment result, and the documentary evidence is not under the control of the other party, the people’s court will not approve the application.

2. Incomplete list of the scope of documentary evidence that the parties who control documentary evidence should submit. Including: (1) cited in litigation; (2) made for the benefit of the other party; (3) The other party has the right to consult and obtain according to law; (4) original vouchers for account books and bookkeeping; (5) others.

3. The legal consequences of not submitting documentary evidence as required. If the party who controls the documentary evidence refuses to submit it without justifiable reasons, or destroys the relevant documentary evidence or commits other acts that make the documentary evidence unusable for the purpose of obstructing the use of the other party, the people’s court may determine that the documentary evidence claimed by the other party is true.

three

On the "Appraisal Duty" of Judges and Appraisers

Because "appraisal is not included in the trial limit" and in many cases, the appraisal result directly determines the judgment result, in practice, the situation of appraisal delay and "judging by reference" is more prominent. The new "Regulations on Evidence" defines the responsibilities of judges and appraisers in the appraisal procedure:

1. Clarify the responsibilities of judges in the appraisal procedure. (1) Article 32 of the new "Provisions on Evidence" makes it clear that the judicial personnel shall specify the matters, scope, purpose and time limit of appraisal in the power of attorney. (2) Article 34 stipulates that judges shall organize the parties to cross-examine the appraisal materials.

2. Clarify the responsibilities of appraisers in the appraisal procedure. (1) Article 33 of the new "Evidence Regulations" stipulates that appraisers should sign a letter of commitment to be objective and fair, and guarantee to testify in court. In case of false appraisal, the people’s court shall order the refund of appraisal fees and impose penalties. (2) Article 35 stipulates that the appraiser shall complete the appraisal within the time limit determined by the people’s court, otherwise, the parties may apply to the people’s court to entrust another appraiser, and the appraisal fee charged by the original appraiser shall be refunded. (3) Article 42 stipulates that if the appraiser cancels the appraisal opinion without justifiable reasons, the appraisal fee shall be refunded, and the people’s court shall punish him, and support the party’s claim that the appraiser shall bear reasonable expenses.

four

About electronic data

With the development of Internet technology, the importance of electronic data has become more and more prominent, and the provisions on electronic data evidence have also been the focus of the revision of civil procedure law and the formulation of judicial interpretation in recent times. The new "Regulations on Evidence" goes further on this basis:

1. The scope of electronic data is specified. Article 14 of the "Regulations on Evidence" is an incomplete list.

2. Clarify the identification of the original electronic data. Article 15 gives an expanded explanation to the "original" of electronic data, that is, "a copy made by the producer of electronic data that is consistent with the original, or a printed copy directly derived from electronic data or other output media that can be displayed and identified, is regarded as the original of electronic data", that is to say, the directly printed mobile phone WeChat record and the storage USB flash drive of burned video submitted in court can all be regarded as the original.

3. The review rules of electronic data are clarified. Article 93 stipulates the elements for determining the authenticity of electronic data, including whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend is complete, reliable and normal. Article 94 stipulates five situations (unless there is enough evidence to the contrary) to infer the authenticity of electronic data, including five situations submitted by the parties that are unfavorable to them, preserved by a neutral third party, formed in the normal business activities, preserved by file management, preserved, transmitted and extracted in the manner agreed by both parties.

4. It is clear that the provisions on documentary evidence are applicable to electronic data evidence. Documentary evidence is one of the main forms of evidence to determine the facts of a case in a civil case. Electronic data is similar in stability and objectivity to documentary evidence. Article 99 of the new "Evidence Regulations" clarifies that the provisions on documentary evidence apply to electronic data, which makes the rules for determining electronic data determined.

Of course, in addition to the above four parts, there are many other "bright spots" in the new Rules of Evidence, such as: limiting the fact of exemption from evidence determined by the effective judgment of the people’s court to "basic facts"; Limited the scope of extraterritorial evidence that needs to be certified by Chinese embassies and consulates in the country; It stipulates the procedural elements of signing and reading the letter of guarantee before the parties make a statement; It stipulates the interpretation system to prevent the referee from raiding; It stipulates the connotation and extension of new evidence, the punishment for overdue submission of evidence and so on.

Limited by the length of this article, I will not analyze it in detail. Readers can learn from the following old and new comparison tables.

Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Proceedings (New)

[Fa Shi [2019] No.19]

Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Proceedings (Old)

【 Fa Shi [2001] No.33 】

[Law Interpretation [2008] No.18 revised the serial number of the cited articles]

First, the parties provide evidence

Article 1 When the plaintiff files a lawsuit in a people’s court or the defendant files a counterclaim, it shall provide corresponding evidence that meets the conditions for prosecution.

(Article 1 of the old regulation is amended)

Article 1 When the plaintiff files a lawsuit in a people’s court or the defendant files a counterclaim, it shall be accompanied by corresponding evidential materials that meet the conditions for prosecution.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 2 The parties have the responsibility to provide evidence to prove the facts on which their claims are based or the facts on which they refute the other party’s claims.

If there is no evidence or the evidence is not enough to prove the facts of the parties, the parties with the burden of proof shall bear the adverse consequences.

Article 2 The people’s court shall explain the requirements and legal consequences of giving evidence to the parties, so as to urge the parties to give evidence actively, comprehensively, correctly and honestly within a reasonable period of time.

Evidence that the parties cannot collect by themselves due to objective reasons may apply to the people’s court for investigation and collection.

(Article 3 of the old rules)

Article 3 The people’s court shall explain the requirements and legal consequences of giving evidence to the parties, so as to urge the parties to give evidence actively, comprehensively, correctly and honestly within a reasonable period of time.

Evidence that the parties cannot collect by themselves due to objective reasons may apply to the people’s court for investigation and collection.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 4 The following tort litigation shall bear the burden of proof in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) In a patent infringement lawsuit caused by a new product manufacturing method invention patent, the unit or individual that manufactures the same product shall bear the burden of proof that its product manufacturing method is different from the patented method;

(2) In an infringement lawsuit that causes damage by highly dangerous operations, the injurer shall bear the burden of proof for the fact that the victim intentionally causes damage;

(3) In a lawsuit for damages caused by environmental pollution, the injurer shall bear the burden of proof on the exemption provided by law and the fact that there is no causal relationship between his behavior and the damage result;

(4) The owner or manager shall bear the burden of proof for the tort lawsuit that the building or other facilities and the shelving and hanging objects on the building collapse, fall off or cause damage;

(5) In an infringement lawsuit that causes damage to people by raising animals, the animal keeper or manager shall bear the burden of proof that the victim is at fault or the third party is at fault;

(6) In the case of infringement litigation caused by defective products, the producer of the products shall bear the burden of proof for the exemption provided by law;

(7) In an infringement lawsuit that causes damage to people due to joint dangerous behavior, the person who commits the dangerous behavior shall bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between his behavior and the damage result;

(eight) the medical institution shall bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between the medical behavior and the damage result and that there is no medical fault in the infringement lawsuit caused by medical behavior.

Where the relevant laws have special provisions on the burden of proof in tort litigation, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 5 In a contract dispute case, the party who claims that the contract relationship is established and effective shall bear the burden of proof for the fact that the contract is concluded and effective; The party who advocates the change, dissolution, termination or cancellation of the contractual relationship shall bear the burden of proof for the facts that caused the change of the contractual relationship.

In case of any dispute over the performance of the contract, the party who has the obligation to perform shall bear the burden of proof.

In case of any dispute over the right of agency, the party claiming the right of agency shall bear the burden of proof.

Article 6 In labor dispute cases, if a labor dispute occurs due to the decision of the employer to dismiss, remove the name from the list, dismiss, terminate the labor contract, reduce the labor remuneration, and calculate the working years of the workers, the employer shall bear the burden of proof.

Article 7 When there are no specific provisions in the law and the burden of proof cannot be determined according to these provisions and other judicial interpretations, the people’s court may determine the burden of proof according to the principles of fairness and good faith, taking into account the parties’ ability to provide evidence and other factors.

Article 3 In the course of litigation, if one party states the facts that are unfavorable to him or explicitly acknowledges the facts that are unfavorable to him, the other party does not need to prove them.

In the process of evidence exchange, inquiry and investigation, or in written materials such as complaints, pleadings and proxy words, if the parties explicitly admit the facts that are unfavorable to them, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply.

(The first paragraph of Article 8 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 8 In the course of litigation, if one party explicitly acknowledges the facts of the case stated by the other party, the other party does not need to provide evidence. Except for cases involving identity relations.

If the facts stated by one party have not been acknowledged or denied by the other party, and the judges have fully explained and asked, but they still do not clearly affirm or deny them, it shall be regarded as the recognition of the facts.

If a party entrusts an agent to participate in the litigation, the recognition of the agent shall be regarded as the recognition of the party. Except for the fact that the recognition of facts by an agent without special authorization directly leads to the recognition of the other party’s claim. If a party is present but does not deny the recognition of his agent, it shall be regarded as the recognition of the party.

If the parties withdraw their recognition before the end of the court debate and get the consent of the other party, or there is sufficient evidence to prove that their recognition was made under coercion or gross misunderstanding and is inconsistent with the facts, the other party cannot be exempted from the burden of proof.

Article 4 If a party neither admits nor denies the fact that the other party claims to be unfavorable to him, but after being explained and questioned by the judges, he still does not clearly affirm or deny it, it shall be regarded as an admission of the fact.

(The second paragraph of Article 8 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 5 Where a party entrusts an agent ad litem to participate in a lawsuit, the agent ad litem’s admission shall be regarded as the party’s admission, except for matters expressly excluded by the power of attorney.

If a party explicitly denies the admission of an agent ad litem in the presence, it shall not be regarded as admission.

(The third paragraph of Article 8 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 6 In a common class action, the admission made by one or more of the co-litigants shall have effect on the party who made the admission.

In a necessary joint action, if one or more of the co-litigants make an admission and the other co-litigants deny it, it will not have the effect of admission. If other co-litigants neither admit nor deny, but still do not express their opinions clearly after being explained and inquired by the judges, it shall be regarded as self-admission of all co-litigants.

(New provisions)

Article 7 If one party restricts or attaches conditions to the fact that the other party claims to be unfavorable to itself, the people’s court shall decide whether it constitutes admission according to the comprehensive circumstances of the case.

(New provisions)

Article 8 The facts stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 96 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) do not apply to the provisions on admission.

The people’s court shall not confirm the fact that the confession is inconsistent with the fact that has been ascertained.

(New provisions)

Article 9 In any of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall allow the parties to revoke their admission before the end of the court debate:

(a) with the consent of the other party;

(2) The admission was made under duress or major misunderstanding.

If the people’s court allows the parties to revoke their admission, it shall make an oral or written ruling.

(The fourth paragraph of Article 8 of the old regulations is revised)

Tenth the following facts, the parties do not need to prove:

(1) Laws of nature and theorems and laws;

(2) Well-known facts;

(3) Facts presumed according to the law;

(4) another fact inferred from the known facts and the rules of daily life experience;

(5) Facts that have been confirmed by the effective award of the arbitration institution;

(six) the basic facts that have been confirmed by the legally effective judgment of the people’s court;

(7) Facts that have been proved by valid notarial documents.

The facts mentioned in the second to fifth paragraphs of the preceding paragraph, unless the parties have evidence to the contrary enough to refute them; The sixth and seventh facts, unless the parties have evidence to the contrary enough to overthrow.

(Article 9 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 9 The parties need not provide evidence to prove the following facts:

(1) Well-known facts;

(2) Natural laws and theorems;

(3) another fact that can be inferred according to the law or the known facts and the rules of daily life experience;

(4) Facts that have been confirmed by legally effective judgments of the people’s courts;

(5) Facts that have been confirmed by the effective award of the arbitration institution;

(6) Facts that have been proved by valid notarial documents.

Items (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of the preceding paragraph, unless the parties have evidence to the contrary that is sufficient to overthrow them.

Article 11 When providing evidence to a people’s court, a party shall provide the original or the original. If it is necessary to keep the original and original evidence by yourself or it is really difficult to provide the original and original evidence, you can provide a copy or duplicate that has been verified by the people’s court.

(Article 10 of the old rules)

Article 10 When providing evidence to a people’s court, a party shall provide the original or the original. If it is necessary to keep the original and original evidence by yourself or it is really difficult to provide the original and original evidence, you can provide a copy or duplicate that has been verified by the people’s court.

Article 12 Where movable property is used as evidence, the original shall be submitted to the people’s court. If the original object is unsuitable for removal or preservation, the parties concerned may provide copies, video materials or other substitutes.

After receiving the movable property or substitute submitted by the parties, the people’s court shall promptly notify both parties to go to the people’s court or keep it for on-site inspection.

(New provisions)

Article 13 If a party takes real estate as evidence, it shall provide the people’s court with the image data of the real estate.

If the people’s court deems it necessary, it shall notify both parties to be present for inspection.

(New provisions)

Article 14 Electronic data include the following information and electronic documents:

(1) Information published by web pages, blogs, microblogs and other online platforms;

(2) Communication information of network application services such as SMS, email, instant messaging and communication groups;

(3) User registration information, identity authentication information, electronic transaction records, communication records, login logs and other information;

(four) documents, pictures, audio, video, digital certificates, computer programs and other electronic files;

(five) other information stored, processed and transmitted in digital form that can prove the facts of the case.

(New provisions)

Article 15 If a party takes audio-visual materials as evidence, it shall provide the original carrier for storing the audio-visual materials.

If the parties take electronic data as evidence, they shall provide the original. A copy made by the producer of electronic data that is consistent with the original, or a printed copy directly derived from electronic data or other output media that can be displayed and recognized, is regarded as the original of electronic data.

(New provisions)

Article 16 The official documents and documents provided by the parties concerned were formed outside the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the evidence shall be certified by the notary office of the host country, or the certification procedures stipulated in the relevant treaties concluded between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the host country shall be fulfilled.

Evidence involving identity relations formed outside the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall be certified by the notary office of the host country and certified by the embassy or consulate of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in that country, or the certification procedures stipulated in the relevant treaties concluded between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and that country shall be fulfilled.

The evidence provided by the parties to the people’s court was formed in Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Province, and the relevant certification procedures shall be performed.

(Article 11 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 11 The evidence provided by the parties to the people’s court is formed outside the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the evidence shall be certified by the notary office of the host country and certified by the embassy or consulate of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in that country, or the certification procedures stipulated in the relevant treaties concluded between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and that host country shall be fulfilled.

The evidence provided by the parties to the people’s court was formed in Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Province, and the relevant certification procedures shall be performed.

Article 17 When a party provides documentary evidence or explanatory materials in a foreign language to a people’s court, it shall be accompanied by a Chinese translation.

(Article 12 of the old regulations)

Article 12 When a party provides documentary evidence or explanatory materials in a foreign language to a people’s court, it shall be accompanied by a Chinese translation.

Article 18 If the uncontested facts of both parties conform to the circumstances stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 96 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the people’s court may order the parties to provide relevant evidence.

(Article 13 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 13 The people’s court may order the parties to provide relevant evidence for facts that are not disputed by both parties but involve national interests, social public interests or the legitimate rights and interests of others.

Article 19 The parties shall classify and number the evidence materials submitted by them one by one, give a brief description of the sources, objects and contents of the evidence materials, sign and seal them, indicate the date of submission, and submit copies according to the number of the other parties.

When the people’s court receives the evidential materials submitted by the parties concerned, it shall issue a receipt indicating the name, number of copies and pages of the evidence and the time of receipt, which shall be signed or sealed by the person in charge. (Article 14 of the old regulations)

Article 14 The parties shall classify and number the evidence materials submitted by them one by one, give a brief description of the sources, objects and contents of the evidence materials, sign and seal them, indicate the date of submission, and submit copies according to the number of the other parties.

When the people’s court receives the evidential materials submitted by the parties concerned, it shall issue a receipt indicating the name, number of copies and pages of the evidence and the time of receipt, which shall be signed or sealed by the person in charge.

Second, the investigation, collection and preservation of evidence

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 15 The term "evidence that the people’s court considers necessary for hearing a case" as stipulated in Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the following situations:

(a) involving may harm the national interests, social and public interests.

Or the fact that others have legitimate rights and interests;

(two) involving the addition of parties ex officio, suspension of litigation, termination of litigation, withdrawal and other procedural matters unrelated to substantive disputes.

Article 16 Except under the circumstances stipulated in Article 15 of these Provisions, the people’s court shall investigate and collect evidence at the request of the parties concerned.

Seventeenth meet one of the following conditions, the parties and their agents ad litem may apply to the people’s court to investigate and collect evidence:

(a) the evidence collected by the application for investigation belongs to the archival materials kept by the relevant state departments and must be transferred by the people’s court ex officio;

(two) materials involving state secrets, commercial secrets and personal privacy;

(3) Other materials that the parties and their agents ad litem cannot collect by themselves due to objective reasons.

Twentieth parties and their agents ad litem to apply to the people’s court for investigation and collection of evidence, shall submit a written application before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence.

The application shall specify the name of the person under investigation, the name of the unit, the domicile and other basic information, the name or content of the evidence to be investigated and collected, the reasons why the evidence needs to be investigated and collected by the people’s court, the facts to be proved and clear clues.

(The first paragraph of Article 18 and Article 19 of the old regulations is amended, and the second paragraph of Article 19 is deleted)

Eighteenth parties and their agents ad litem shall submit a written application to the people’s court for investigation and collection of evidence. The application shall specify the name of the person under investigation, the name of the unit, the domicile and other basic information, the contents of the evidence to be investigated and collected, the reasons why the evidence needs to be investigated and collected by the people’s court and the facts to be proved.

Article 19 The parties and their agents ad litem shall apply to the people’s court for investigation and collection of evidence not later than seven days before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence.

If the people’s court refuses the application of the parties and their agents ad litem, it shall serve a notice on the parties or their agents ad litem. The parties and their agents ad litem may apply for reconsideration in writing to the people’s court accepting the application within three days from the day after receiving the notice. The people’s court shall make a reply within five days from the date of receiving the application for reconsideration.

Article 21 Documentary evidence collected by investigators may be original, or verified copies or duplicates. If it is a copy or duplicate, the source and evidence collection shall be explained in the investigation record.

(Article 20 of the old rules)

Article 20 Documentary evidence collected by investigators may be originals, or verified copies or duplicates. If it is a copy or duplicate, the source and evidence collection shall be explained in the investigation record.

Article 22 The physical evidence collected by investigators shall be original. If it is really difficult for the respondent to provide the original, it may provide copies or video materials. If copies or video materials are provided, the evidence collection shall be explained in the investigation record.

(Article 21 is amended)

Article 21 The physical evidence collected by investigators shall be original. If it is really difficult for the respondent to provide the original, he may provide copies or photos. If copies or photos are provided, the evidence collection shall be explained in the investigation record.

Article 23 When investigating and collecting audio-visual materials and electronic data, the people’s court shall require the respondent to provide the original carrier.

If it is really difficult to provide the original carrier, a copy can be provided. If a copy is provided, the people’s court shall explain its source and production process in the investigation record.

Where the people’s court adopts evidence preservation measures for audio-visual materials and electronic data, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply.

(Article 22 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 22 When investigating and collecting computer data or audio-visual materials such as audio and video recordings, investigators shall require the respondents to provide the original carriers of relevant materials. If it is really difficult to provide the original carrier, a copy can be provided. If a copy is provided, the investigator shall explain its source and production process in the investigation record.

Article 24 When investigating and collecting evidence that may need to be appraised, the people’s court shall abide by relevant technical specifications to ensure that the evidence is not polluted.

(New provisions)

Article 25 Where a party or interested party applies for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Civil Procedure Law, the application shall specify the basic information of the evidence to be preserved, the reasons for applying for preservation and the preservation measures to be taken.

If a party applies for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81, paragraph 1, of the Civil Procedure Law, it shall submit it to the people’s court before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence.

Where laws and judicial interpretations provide for the preservation of evidence before litigation, such provisions shall prevail.

(Article 23 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 23 A party shall apply to the people’s court for the preservation of evidence in accordance with the provisions of Article 74 of the Civil Procedure Law, not later than seven days before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence.

If the parties apply for the preservation of evidence, the people’s court may require them to provide corresponding guarantees.

Where laws and judicial interpretations provide for the preservation of evidence before litigation, such provisions shall apply.

Article 26 Where a party or interested party applies for taking preservation measures such as sealing up or detaining to restrict the use and circulation of the preserved subject matter, or the preservation may cause losses to the evidence holder, the people’s court shall order the applicant to provide corresponding guarantees.

The method or amount of guarantee shall be comprehensively determined by the people’s court according to the influence of the preservation measures on the evidence holders, the value of the preserved subject matter, and the amount of the litigation subject matter disputed by the parties or interested parties.

(New provisions)

Article 27 The people’s court may require the parties or agents ad litem to be present when preserving evidence.

According to the application of the parties and the specific circumstances, the people’s court may take the methods of sealing up, distraining, audio recording, video recording, reproduction, identification and inspection to preserve the evidence and make a written record.

In the case of meeting the purpose of evidence preservation, the people’s court shall choose the preservation measures that have the least impact on the interests of the evidence holders.

(Article 24 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 24 In preserving evidence, the people’s court may, according to the specific circumstances, adopt methods such as sealing up, detaining, taking photos, recording, videotaping, copying, identifying, conducting an inquest, and making transcripts.

The people’s court may require the parties or agents ad litem to be present when preserving evidence.

Twenty-eighth application for evidence preservation errors caused by property losses, the parties request the applicant to bear the liability for compensation, the people’s court shall support.

(New provisions)

Article 29 After the people’s court has taken pre-litigation evidence preservation measures, if a party brings a lawsuit to another people’s court with jurisdiction, the people’s court that took the preservation measures shall, at the request of the party concerned, promptly hand over the preserved evidence to the people’s court that accepted the case.

(New provisions)

Article 30 If the people’s court considers that the facts to be proved need to be proved by expert opinions in the course of hearing a case, it shall explain them to the parties concerned and specify the time limit for applying for expert evaluation.

In accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 96 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the people’s court shall entrust the appraisal according to its functions and powers.

(New provisions)

Article 31 A party applying for appraisal shall file an application within the period specified by the people’s court and pay the appraisal fee in advance. Failing to submit an application within the time limit or paying the appraisal fee in advance shall be regarded as giving up the application.

If the party who bears the burden of proof for the facts to be proved that need to be appraised fails to apply for appraisal or pay appraisal fees in advance without justifiable reasons within the period specified by the people’s court, or refuses to provide relevant materials, so that the facts to be proved cannot be ascertained, it shall bear the legal consequences of failing to prove.

(Article 25 of the old regulations is revised)

Twenty-fifth parties to apply for identification, should be put forward within the time limit for proof. In accordance with the provisions of the provisions of article twenty-seventh, unless the parties apply for re identification.

If a party who bears the burden of proof for matters that need to be identified fails to apply for identification or pay the identification fee in advance or refuse to provide relevant materials within the time limit specified by the people’s court without justifiable reasons, so that the facts in dispute in the case cannot be identified through the conclusion of identification, it shall bear the legal consequences of failing to prove the facts.

Article 32 Where a people’s court approves an application for appraisal, it shall organize both parties to determine an appraiser with corresponding qualifications through consultation. If the parties fail to negotiate, it shall be designated by the people’s court.

If the people’s court entrusts an appraisal according to its functions and powers, it may appoint an appraiser with corresponding qualifications after asking the opinions of the parties.

The people’s court shall issue a power of attorney after determining the appraiser, and the power of attorney shall specify the matters, scope, purpose and time limit of the appraisal.

(Article 26 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 26 After the parties apply for appraisal with the consent of the people’s court, the two parties shall determine the appraisal institutions and appraisers with appraisal qualifications through consultation. If consultation fails, the people’s court shall designate them.

Article 33 Before the appraisal begins, the people’s court shall require the appraiser to sign a letter of commitment. The letter of commitment shall specify that the appraiser guarantees to conduct the appraisal objectively, fairly and honestly, and to testify in court. If false appraisal is made, he shall bear legal responsibility.

If an appraiser intentionally makes a false appraisal, the people’s court shall order him to refund the appraisal fee and deal with it according to the provisions of Article 111th of the Civil Procedure Law according to the circumstances.

(New provisions)

Article 34 The people’s court shall organize the parties to cross-examine the appraisal materials. Materials that have not been cross-examined shall not be used as the basis for identification.

With the permission of the people’s court, an expert witness may obtain evidence, inspect physical evidence and the scene, and ask the parties or witnesses.

(New provisions)

Article 35 An appraiser shall complete the appraisal within the time limit determined by the people’s court and submit an appraisal certificate.

If the appraiser fails to submit the appraisal report on time without justifiable reasons, the parties concerned may apply to the people’s court to entrust another appraiser for appraisal. With the permission of the people’s court, the appraisal fee already charged by the original appraiser shall be refunded; Refuse to return, in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of article eighty-first.

(New provisions)

Article 36 The people’s court shall examine whether the appraisal certificate issued by the appraiser contains the following contents:

(1) The name of the entrusting court;

(two) the contents and requirements of the entrusted appraisal;

(3) Identification materials;

(4) The principles and methods on which the appraisal is based;

(5) A description of the appraisal process;

(6) Appraisal opinions;

(7) Letter of commitment.

The appraisal book shall be signed or sealed by the appraiser, and the corresponding qualification certificate of the appraiser shall be attached. Where an appraisal agency is entrusted, the appraisal certificate shall be sealed by the appraisal agency and signed by the personnel engaged in appraisal.

(Article 29 of the old regulations is revised)

Twenty-ninth judges shall examine whether the appraisal certificate issued by the appraiser has the following contents:

(1) The name of the client and the contents of the entrusted appraisal;

(2) Materials entrusted for appraisal;

(three) the basis of identification and the scientific and technological means used;

(4) A description of the appraisal process;

(5) A clear appraisal conclusion;

(6) An explanation of the appraiser’s qualification;

(seven) the signature and seal of the appraiser and the appraisal institution.

Article 37 After receiving the appraisal report, the people’s court shall promptly send a copy to the parties concerned.

If the parties have any objection to the contents of the appraisal, they shall put forward it in writing within the period specified by the people’s court.

The people’s court shall ask the appraiser to explain, explain or supplement the objections of the parties. If the people’s court deems it necessary, it may require the appraiser to explain, explain or supplement the contents that the parties have not raised objections.

(New provisions)

Article 38 If the parties still have objections after receiving the written reply from the appraiser, the people’s court shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Measures for Payment of Litigation Fees, notify the objecting parties to pay the appraiser’s court appearance fee in advance and notify the appraiser to appear in court. If the objecting party fails to pay the appraiser’s court fees in advance, it shall be deemed as giving up the objection.

If both parties have objections to the appraisal opinions, they shall share the expenses of paying the appraisers in court in advance.

(New provisions)

Thirty-ninth expert fees in court shall be calculated according to the standard of witnesses’ fees in court, and shall be borne by the losing party. If the appraiser needs to appear in court because the appraisal opinion is unclear or flawed, the expenses for appearing in court shall be borne by him.

When the people’s court entrusts the appraisal, it has been determined that the appraiser’s appearance fee is included in the appraisal fee, and the party concerned will not be notified to pay in advance.

(New provisions)

Article 40 The people’s court shall allow the parties to apply for re-appraisal under any of the following circumstances:

(a) the appraiser does not have the corresponding qualifications;

(2) The appraisal procedure is seriously illegal;

(three) the expert opinion is obviously insufficient;

(four) other circumstances in which the expert opinion cannot be used as evidence.

In the case of the first to third items in the preceding paragraph, the appraisal fee already charged by the appraiser shall be refunded. Refuse to return, in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of article eighty-first.

The people’s court shall not allow the application for re-appraisal if the defects in the appraisal opinions can be solved by means of correction, supplementary appraisal or supplementary cross-examination or re-examination.

Re-appraisal, the original appraisal opinion shall not be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case.

(Article 27 of the old regulations is revised)

Twenty-seventh parties have objections to the appraisal conclusion made by the appraisal department entrusted by the people’s court and apply for re-appraisal, and the people’s court shall give permission if it provides evidence to prove that one of the following circumstances exists:

(a) the appraisal institution or appraiser does not have the relevant appraisal qualification;

(2) The appraisal procedure is seriously illegal;

(3) The appraisal conclusion is obviously based on insufficient evidence;

(4) Other circumstances that cannot be used as evidence after cross-examination.

If the defective appraisal conclusion can be solved by supplementary appraisal, re-examination or supplementary cross-examination, it will not be re-appraised.

Article 41 If one party entrusts relevant institutions or personnel to issue opinions on specialized issues, and the other party has enough evidence or reasons to refute and apply for appraisal, the people’s court shall allow it.

(Article 28 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 28 If one party entrusts the relevant department to make an appraisal conclusion, and the other party has enough evidence to refute and apply for re-appraisal, the people’s court shall allow it.

Article 42 If the appraiser cancels the appraisal opinion without justifiable reasons after the appraisal opinion is accepted, the people’s court shall order him to refund the appraisal fee, and may, according to the circumstances, punish the appraiser in accordance with the provisions of Article 111 of the Civil Procedure Law. The people’s court shall support the claim that the appraiser should bear the reasonable expenses thus increased.

If the people’s court allows the appraiser to withdraw after accepting the appraisal opinion, it shall order him to refund the appraisal fee.

(New provisions)

Article 43 The people’s court shall notify the parties of the time and place of the inspection before the inspection. If the parties do not participate, it will not affect the inspection.

The parties may explain and explain the matters in the inquest to the people’s court, and may request the people’s court to pay attention to important matters in the inquest.

When the people’s court inspects the physical evidence or the scene, it shall make a written record, recording the time and place of the inspection, the inspector, the people present, the process and results of the inspection, which shall be signed or sealed by the inspector and the people present. For the site map drawn, the time, orientation, name and identity of the surveyor shall be indicated.

(Article 30 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 30 The people’s court shall make a record of the time and place of the inspection, the inspector, the people present, the process and results of the inspection, which shall be signed or sealed by the inspector and the people present. For the site map drawn, the time, orientation, name and identity of the surveyor shall be indicated.

Article 44 When extracting the documents and materials related to the facts of the case produced by the relevant units, the source shall be indicated, and the seal of the production unit or the storage unit shall be affixed, and the extractor and other investigators shall sign or seal the extract.

Extracted documents and materials shall maintain the corresponding integrity of the contents.

(Article 31 of the old regulations is revised)

Thirty-first excerpts of documents and materials related to the facts of the case produced by the relevant units shall indicate the source and affix the seal of the production unit or the storage unit, and the excerpter and other investigators shall sign or seal the excerpts.

Extracted documents and materials shall maintain the corresponding integrity of the content and shall not be taken out of context.

Article 45 Where a party applies to the people’s court for ordering the other party to submit documentary evidence according to Article 112 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the application shall specify the name or content of the documentary evidence applied for, the facts and the importance of the facts that need to be proved by the documentary evidence, the basis for the other party to control the documentary evidence and the reasons why the documentary evidence should be submitted.

If the other party denies controlling the documentary evidence, the people’s court shall make a comprehensive judgment on whether the documentary evidence is under the control of the other party according to factors such as legal provisions and habits, combined with the facts and evidence of the case.

(New provisions)

Article 46 When examining an application for documentary evidence submitted by a party, the people’s court shall listen to the opinions of the other party, and may require both parties to provide evidence and debate when necessary.

The people’s court shall not grant permission if the documentary evidence applied by the parties is unclear, the documentary evidence is unnecessary to prove the facts to be proved, the facts to be proved have no substantial influence on the judgment result, the documentary evidence is not under the control of the other party or does not conform to Article 47 of these Provisions.

If the reasons for the application are established, the people’s court shall make a ruling and order the other party to submit documentary evidence; If the reason is untenable, notify the applicant.

(New provisions)

Article 47 The party in control of documentary evidence shall submit documentary evidence under the following circumstances:

(1) Documentary evidence that has been cited by the party in control of documentary evidence in litigation;

(2) Documentary evidence produced for the benefit of the other party;

(3) Documentary evidence that the other party has the right to consult and obtain according to the law;

(4) Original vouchers for account books and bookkeeping;

(5) Other circumstances that the people’s court considers that documentary evidence should be submitted.

If the documentary evidence listed in the preceding paragraph involves state secrets, commercial secrets, the privacy of the parties or the third party, or there are circumstances that should be kept confidential by law, it shall not be publicly cross-examined after submission.

(New provisions)

Article 48 If the party in control of documentary evidence refuses to submit documentary evidence without justifiable reasons, the people’s court may determine that the contents of documentary evidence advocated by the other party are true.

The people’s court may determine that the facts proved by the documentary evidence of the other party are true if the parties who control the documentary evidence are under the circumstances stipulated in Article 113 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

(New provisions)

Third, the time limit of proof and evidence exchange

Article 49 the defendant shall submit a written defense before the expiration of the defense period, stating his opinions on the plaintiff’s claim and the facts and reasons on which it is based.

(Original Article 32)

Article 32 the defendant shall submit a written defense before the expiration of the defense period, stating his opinions on the plaintiff’s claim and the facts and reasons on which it is based.

Article 50 The people’s court shall serve a notice of proof on the parties in the preparatory stage before the trial.

The notice of proof shall specify the distribution principle and requirements of the burden of proof, the circumstances in which you can apply to the people’s court for investigation and collection of evidence, the time limit for proof specified by the people’s court according to the circumstances of the case, and the legal consequences of providing evidence after the time limit.

(The original paragraph 1 of Article 33 was amended)

Article 33 The people’s court shall serve the parties with the notice of acceptance of the case and the notice of responding to the lawsuit. The notice of proof shall specify the distribution principle and requirements of the burden of proof, the circumstances in which an application can be made to the people’s court for investigation and evidence collection, the time limit for proof specified by the people’s court according to the circumstances of the case, and the legal consequences of providing evidence beyond the time limit.

The time limit for adducing evidence may be agreed by the parties through consultation and approved by the people’s court.

If the time limit for adducing evidence is specified by the people’s court, the specified time limit shall not be less than 30 days, counting from the day after the party concerned receives the notice of accepting the case and the notice of responding to the lawsuit.

Article 51 The time limit for adducing evidence may be negotiated by the parties and approved by the people’s court.

If the people’s court specifies the time limit for adducing evidence, the ordinary procedure of first instance shall not be less than fifteen days, and the case of second instance in which the parties provide new evidence shall not be less than ten days. Cases tried by summary procedure shall not exceed fifteen days, and the time limit for adducing evidence in small claims shall generally not exceed seven days.

After the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence, if the parties provide rebuttal evidence or make corrections to the defects in the source and form of the evidence already provided, the people’s court may, at its discretion, determine the time limit for adducing evidence again, which is not limited by the time limit stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

(The second and third paragraphs of the original article 33 are revised)

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 34 A party shall submit evidence materials to the people’s court within the time limit for adducing evidence. If the party fails to do so within the time limit for adducing evidence, it shall be deemed as giving up the right to adduce evidence.

The people’s court shall not organize cross-examination of the evidence materials submitted by the parties within the time limit. Unless the other party agrees to cross-examine.

If a party increases or changes a claim or files a counterclaim, it shall do so before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence.

Article 52 There are objective obstacles for the parties to provide evidence within the time limit for adducing evidence, which belongs to the situation that "it is indeed difficult for the parties to provide evidence within the time limit" as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 65 of the Civil Procedure Law.

In the case mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the people’s court shall make a comprehensive judgment based on the parties’ ability to provide evidence and the reasons why they cannot provide evidence within the time limit for providing evidence. When necessary, you can listen to the opinions of the other party.

(New provisions)

Article 53 In the course of litigation, if the nature of the legal relationship or the effectiveness of the civil act advocated by the parties is inconsistent with the determination made by the people’s court according to the facts of the case, the people’s court shall take the nature of the legal relationship or the effectiveness of the civil act as the focus of the trial. However, the nature of the legal relationship has no influence on the reasons and results of the judgment, or the relevant issues have been fully debated by the parties.

In the case mentioned in the preceding paragraph, if the parties change their claims according to the court hearing, the people’s court shall allow and may re-specify the time limit for adducing evidence according to the specific circumstances of the case.

(Article 35 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 35 In the course of litigation, if the nature of the legal relationship or the effectiveness of the civil act advocated by the parties is inconsistent with the determination made by the people’s court according to the facts of the case, it shall not be restricted by the provisions of Article 34 of these Provisions, and the people’s court shall inform the parties that they can change the litigation request.

If a party changes his claim, the people’s court shall re-specify the time limit for adducing evidence.

Article 54 Where a party applies for extending the time limit for adducing evidence, it shall submit a written application to the people’s court before the time limit for adducing evidence expires.

If the reasons for the application are established, the people’s court shall allow and appropriately extend the time limit for adducing evidence, and notify other parties. The extended time limit for adducing evidence is applicable to other parties.

If the reasons for the application are not established, the people’s court shall not grant it and notify the applicant.

(The original article 36 was revised)

Article 36 If it is really difficult for a party to submit evidence materials within the time limit for adducing evidence, it shall apply to the people’s court for an extension of adducing evidence within the time limit for adducing evidence, and the time limit for adducing evidence may be appropriately extended with the permission of the people’s court. If it is still difficult for the parties to submit evidence materials within the extended time limit for adducing evidence, they may apply for an extension again, and whether or not to grant it shall be decided by the people’s court.

Article 55 In any of the following circumstances, the time limit for adducing evidence shall be determined as follows:

(1) If a party raises an objection to jurisdiction in accordance with Article 127 of the Civil Procedure Law, the time limit for adducing evidence shall be suspended and the calculation shall be resumed from the effective date of the ruling rejecting the objection to jurisdiction;

(2) If an additional party, a third party with independent claim right or a third party without independent claim right is notified by the people’s court to participate in the litigation, the people’s court shall set a time limit for the new party to participate in the litigation in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of these Provisions, which shall apply to other parties;

(3) In a case remanded for retrial, the people’s court of first instance may, in light of the specific circumstances of the case and the reasons for remanding for retrial, determine the time limit for adducing evidence as appropriate;

(4) If the parties increase or change their claims or file counterclaims, the people’s court shall re-determine the time limit for adducing evidence according to the specific circumstances of the case;

(5) If the announcement is served, the time limit for adducing evidence shall be counted from the day after the expiration of the announcement period.

(New provisions)

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 37 Upon the application of the parties, the people’s court may organize the parties to exchange evidence before the hearing.

The people’s court shall organize the parties to exchange evidence after the expiration of the defense period and before the trial for cases with more evidence or complicated problems.

Article 56 If the people’s court prepares for trial by organizing evidence exchange in accordance with the provisions of Item 4 of Article 133 of the Civil Procedure Law, the time limit for presenting evidence on the day of evidence exchange expires.

The time for evidence exchange may be agreed upon by the parties through consultation and approved by the people’s court, or may be designated by the people’s court. If the parties apply for an extension of proof with the permission of the people’s court, the date of evidence exchange shall be postponed accordingly.

(The original article 38 was revised)

Article 38 The time for exchanging evidence may be agreed by the parties through consultation and approved by the people’s court, or may be designated by the people’s court.

If the people’s court organizes the parties to exchange evidence, the time limit for proof expires on the day of exchange of evidence. If the parties apply for an extension of proof with the permission of the people’s court, the date of evidence exchange shall be postponed accordingly.

Article 57 The exchange of evidence shall be conducted under the auspices of judges.

In the process of evidence exchange, the facts and evidence that the judge has no objection to the parties shall be recorded in the volume; The evidence with objection shall be classified and recorded in the volume according to the facts that need to be proved, and the reasons for objection shall be recorded. Through the exchange of evidence, determine the main issues of dispute between the two parties.

(original article 39)

Article 39 The exchange of evidence shall be conducted under the auspices of judges.

In the process of evidence exchange, the facts and evidence that the judge has no objection to the parties shall be recorded in the volume; The evidence with objection shall be classified and recorded in the volume according to the facts that need to be proved, and the reasons for objection shall be recorded. Through the exchange of evidence, determine the main issues of dispute between the two parties.

Article 58 If a party needs to submit rebuttal evidence after receiving the evidence from the other party, the people’s court shall organize evidence exchange again.

(original article 40 is revised)

Article 40 If a party refutes the evidence exchanged by the other party and presents new evidence, the people’s court shall notify the party to exchange it at a specified time.

The exchange of evidence is generally not more than two times. However, in major, difficult and particularly complicated cases, unless the people’s court deems it necessary to exchange evidence again.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 41 "New evidence" as stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 125 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the following situations:

(1) The new evidence in the procedure of first instance includes: the evidence newly discovered by the parties after the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence in the first instance; Evidence that the parties are unable to provide within the time limit for adducing evidence due to objective reasons, but are still unable to provide within the extended time limit with the permission of the people’s court;

(2) The new evidence in the procedure of second instance includes: the newly discovered evidence after the trial of first instance; Evidence that a party fails to apply to the people’s court for investigation and evidence collection before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence in the first instance, and that the court of second instance considers that it should be allowed after examination, and that the evidence should be taken according to the application of the party concerned.

Article 42 If a party provides new evidence in the procedure of first instance, it shall do so before or during the trial of first instance.

If a person provides new evidence in the procedure of second instance, it shall be presented before or during the trial of second instance; If the second instance does not need to be heard in court, it shall be put forward within the time limit specified by the people’s court.

Article 43 If the evidence provided by a party after the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence is not new, the people’s court shall not accept it.

If a party is allowed by the people’s court to postpone giving evidence, but fails to provide it within the permitted time limit due to objective reasons, and the failure to hear the evidence may lead to obvious injustice of the referee, the evidence provided by the party may be regarded as new evidence.

Article 44 "New evidence" as stipulated in Item (1) of Paragraph 1 of Article 179 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the newly discovered evidence after the trial of the original trial.

If a party provides new evidence in the retrial procedure, it shall do so when applying for retrial.

Article 45 If one party presents new evidence, the people’s court shall notify the other party to put forward opinions or give evidence within a reasonable time.

Article 46 If a case fails to provide evidence within the specified time limit due to the reasons of the parties concerned, and the case is sent back to the people’s court for retrial or revision of the judgment due to the presentation of new evidence during the second trial or retrial, the judgment in the original trial does not belong to the wrong judgment case.

The people’s court shall support one party’s request for the other party to provide new evidence to bear the reasonable expenses such as increased travel, lost work, witnesses appearing in court to testify, litigation and other direct losses.

Article 59 If a people’s court imposes a fine on a party who fails to provide evidence within the time limit, it may determine the amount of the fine in combination with the subjective fault of the party who fails to provide evidence within the time limit, the circumstances that cause the delay in litigation, the amount of the subject matter of litigation, and other factors.

(New provisions)

Fourth, cross-examination

Article 60 Evidence that the parties have expressed cross-examination opinions in the preparatory stage before the trial or in the process of investigation and inquiry by the people’s court shall be regarded as cross-examined evidence.

If a party requests to express cross-examination opinions in writing, the people’s court may grant it if it deems it necessary after listening to the opinions of the other party. The people’s court shall promptly send the written cross-examination opinions to the other party.

(The original forty-seventh amendment)

Article 47 Evidence shall be presented in court and cross-examined by the parties concerned. Evidence that has not been cross-examined cannot be used as a basis for determining the facts of a case.

The evidence recognized and recorded by the parties in the process of evidence exchange can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after being explained by the judges in the trial.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 48 Evidence involving state secrets, business secrets and personal privacy or other evidence that should be kept confidential as prescribed by law shall not be publicly cross-examined during the court session.

Article 61 When conducting cross-examination of documentary evidence, material evidence and audio-visual materials, the parties concerned shall produce the original or original evidence. Except for one of the following circumstances:

(a) it is indeed difficult to produce the original or the original, and the people’s court allows it to produce a copy or duplicate;

(two) the original or the original no longer exists, but there is evidence to prove that the copy or replica is consistent with the original or the original.

(The original forty-ninth amendment)

Article 49 When conducting cross-examination of documentary evidence, material evidence and audio-visual materials, the parties concerned have the right to demand the production of the original or original evidence. Except for one of the following circumstances:

(a) it is indeed difficult to produce the original or the original, and the people’s court allows it to produce a copy or duplicate;

(two) the original or the original no longer exists, but there is evidence to prove that the copy or replica is consistent with the original or the original.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 50 During cross-examination, the parties concerned should question, explain and refute the authenticity, relevance and legality of the evidence, as well as the probative force of the evidence.

Article 62 Cross-examination shall generally be conducted in the following order:

(a) the plaintiff produces evidence, and the defendant and the third party cross-examine the plaintiff;

(2) The defendant produces evidence, and the plaintiff and the third party conduct cross-examination with the defendant;

(3) The third party produces evidence, and the plaintiff and defendant conduct cross-examination with the third party.

The people’s court shall investigate and collect the evidence according to the application of the parties, and after the judges explain the situation of the investigation and collection of evidence, the party applying shall conduct cross-examination with the other party and the third party.

The people’s court shall investigate and collect evidence according to its functions and powers, and the judges shall explain the investigation and collection of evidence and listen to the opinions of the parties.

(The original fifty-first amendment)

Article 51 Cross-examination shall be conducted in the following order:

(a) the plaintiff produces evidence, and the defendant and the third party cross-examine the plaintiff;

(2) The defendant produces evidence, and the plaintiff and the third party conduct cross-examination with the defendant;

(3) The third party produces evidence, and the plaintiff and defendant conduct cross-examination with the third party.

The evidence collected by the people’s court in accordance with the application of the parties shall be used as the evidence provided by the party making the application.

The evidence collected by the people’s court in accordance with its functions and powers shall be presented at the trial, and the opinions of the parties shall be listened to, and the investigation and collection of the evidence may be explained.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 52 If there are more than two independent claims in a case, the parties may present evidence one by one for cross-examination.

Article 63 The parties shall make a true and complete statement on the facts of the case.

If the statements of the parties are inconsistent with the previous statements, the people’s court shall order them to explain the reasons, and examine and identify them in combination with the litigation capacity, evidence and specific circumstances of the case.

If a party intentionally makes a false statement to obstruct the trial of the people’s court, the people’s court shall, according to the circumstances, impose penalties in accordance with the provisions of Article 111th of the Civil Procedure Law.

(New provisions)

Article 64 If the people’s court deems it necessary, it may require the parties to be present in person to accept inquiries about the relevant facts of the case.

If the people’s court requires the parties to be present for questioning, it shall inform the parties of the time and place of the inquiry and the consequences of refusing to be present.

(New provisions)

Article 65 The people’s court shall order the parties concerned to sign the letter of guarantee and read out the contents of the letter of guarantee before asking.

The letter of guarantee shall state that the statement is true, and there is no concealment, distortion, increase or decrease. If there is any false statement, it shall be punished. The parties concerned shall sign and stamp the letter of guarantee.

If the party concerned cannot read the letter of guarantee for justified reasons, it shall be read and explained by the clerk.

(New provisions)

Article 66 If a party refuses to be present at the scene, sign or read a letter of guarantee or accept an inquiry without justifiable reasons, the people’s court shall judge the truth of the facts to be proved based on the circumstances of the case. If there is no other evidence to prove the facts to be proved, the people’s court shall make a determination against the party concerned.

(New provisions)

Article 67 A person who cannot express his meaning correctly cannot be a witness.

Persons without or with limited capacity for civil conduct whose facts to be proved are suitable for their age, intelligence or mental health may be used as witnesses.

(The original fifty-third amendment)

Article 53 A person who cannot correctly express his will cannot be a witness.

Persons without or with limited capacity for civil conduct whose facts to be proved are suitable for their age, intelligence or mental health may be used as witnesses.

Article 68 The people’s court shall require witnesses to testify in court and accept inquiries from judges and parties. A witness who gives testimony in the preparatory stage before the trial or in the presence of both parties such as the people’s court’s investigation and inquiry shall be regarded as testifying in court.

If both parties agree that the witness will testify in other ways and with the permission of the people’s court, the witness may not testify in court.

The testimony provided in writing by a witness who fails to appear in court without justifiable reasons shall not be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case.

(The original fifty-fifth amendment)

Article 55 A witness shall testify in court and accept questions from the parties concerned.

A witness who attends the statement of testimony when the people’s court organizes the parties to exchange evidence may be regarded as testifying in court.

Article 69 Where a party applies for a witness to testify in court, it shall submit an application to the people’s court before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence.

The application shall specify the name, occupation, residence, contact information of the witness, the main contents of testimony, the relevance of the testimony contents and the facts to be testified, and the necessity of the witness to testify in court.

In accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 96 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the people’s court shall notify the witness to testify in court ex officio.

(New provisions)

Article 70 If a people’s court allows a witness to testify in court, it shall serve a notice on the witness and inform both parties. The notice shall specify the time and place of the witness’s testimony, the matters and requirements of testimony and the legal consequences of perjury.

The people’s court shall not allow the application of a witness to testify in court if the matter for which the party applies has nothing to do with the facts to be proved, or if it is not necessary to inform the witness to testify in court.

(The original fifty-fourth amendment)

Article 54 If a party applies for a witness to testify in court, it shall do so ten days before the expiration of the time limit for adducing evidence and obtain the permission of the people’s court.

If the people’s court approves the application of a party, it shall notify the witness to testify in court before the hearing, and inform him of the legal consequences of truthfully testifying and perjury.

The reasonable expenses incurred by the witness for testifying in court shall be paid in advance by the party providing the witness and borne by the losing party.

Article 71 A people’s court shall require a witness to sign a letter of guarantee before testifying, and read out the contents of the letter of guarantee in court. Except those who have no capacity for civil conduct and those with limited capacity for civil conduct as witnesses.

If the witness cannot read the letter of guarantee for justified reasons, the clerk shall read it and explain it on his behalf.

If a witness refuses to sign or read the letter of guarantee, he shall not testify and bear the relevant expenses.

The contents of the witness guarantee shall be governed by the provisions of the parties’ guarantee.

(New provisions)

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 56 The term "witness is unable to appear in court due to real difficulties" as stipulated in Article 70 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the following circumstances:

(1) Being old, weak or unable to appear in court due to mobility difficulties;

(two) the special post is really unable to leave;

(three) the road is particularly long, and it is difficult to appear in court due to inconvenient transportation;

(4) Unable to appear in court due to force majeure such as natural disasters;

(5) Other special circumstances that prevent him from appearing in court.

In the case mentioned in the preceding paragraph, with the permission of the people’s court, a witness may submit written testimony or audio-visual materials or testify by means of two-way audio-visual transmission technology.

Article 72 A witness shall objectively state the facts he personally perceives, and shall not use speculative, inferential or critical language when testifying.

A witness shall not sit in on the court hearing before testifying, and shall not state his testimony by reading the written materials prepared in advance when testifying.

If there are obstacles in the verbal expression of witnesses, they may testify through other expressions.

(The original fifty-seventh amendment)

Article 57 A witness who testifies in court shall objectively state the facts he personally perceives. If the witness is deaf-mute, he can testify in other ways.

A witness shall not use speculative, inferential or critical language when testifying.

Article 73 A witness shall make a continuous statement on the matters he testifies.

If the parties and their legal representatives, agents ad litem or observers interfere with the witness’s statement, the people’s court shall stop it in time and, if necessary, impose penalties in accordance with the provisions of Article 110 of the Civil Procedure Law.

(New provisions)

Article 74 A judge may question a witness. The parties and their agents ad litem may question witnesses with the permission of the judges.

Other witnesses are not allowed to be present when questioning witnesses.

If the people’s court deems it necessary, it may require witnesses to confront each other.

(Article 58 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 58 Judges and parties may question witnesses. Witnesses are not allowed to sit in on court hearings; Other witnesses shall not be present when questioning witnesses. If the people’s court deems it necessary, it may allow witnesses to confront each other.

Article 75 After a witness testifies in court, he may apply to the people’s court to pay the witness’s fees for testifying in court. If a witness has difficulties and needs to withdraw the fee for testifying in court in advance, the people’s court may pay it before testifying in court according to the witness’s application.

(New provisions)

Article 76 If a witness is unable to testify in court due to real difficulties and applies for giving testimony by means of written testimony, audio-visual transmission technology or audio-visual materials, he shall submit an application to the people’s court. The application shall specify the specific reasons for not appearing in court.

The people’s court shall grant permission if the circumstances stipulated in Article 73 of the Civil Procedure Law are met.

(New provisions)

Article 77 A witness who testifies in the form of written testimony with the permission of the people’s court shall sign a letter of guarantee; Whoever testifies by means of audio-visual transmission technology or audio-visual materials shall sign a letter of guarantee and read out the contents of the letter of guarantee.

(New provisions)

Article 78 If the questioning of a witness by a party or his agent ad litem has nothing to do with the facts to be proved, or there are threats, insults to the witness or improper guidance, the judge shall stop it in time. If necessary, it may be punished in accordance with the provisions of Articles 110 and 111 of the Civil Procedure Law.

If a witness intentionally makes a false statement, the participants in the proceedings or others prevent the witness from testifying by violence, threats, bribes, etc., or take revenge on the witness by insulting, slandering, framing, intimidating, beating, etc. after the witness testifies, the people’s court shall punish the actor according to the circumstances and in accordance with the provisions of Article 111 of the Civil Procedure Law.

(New provisions)

Article 79 If an appraiser testifies in court in accordance with Article 78 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court shall notify the appraiser of the time, place and requirements for appearing in court three days before the hearing.

If an agency is entrusted for appraisal, the personnel engaged in appraisal shall appear in court on behalf of the agency.

(New provisions)

Article 80 An appraiser shall truthfully answer the objections of the parties and the inquiries of the judges on the appraisal matters. If it is really difficult to answer in court, with the permission of the people’s court, a written reply can be given after the trial.

The people’s court shall promptly send a written reply to the parties concerned and listen to their opinions. If necessary, cross-examination can be organized again.

(Article 59 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 59 An expert witness shall appear in court to be questioned by the parties concerned.

If the appraiser is really unable to appear in court for special reasons, he may, with the permission of the people’s court, answer the questions of the parties in writing.

Article 81 If an expert refuses to testify in court, the expert opinion shall not be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case. The people’s court shall advise the relevant competent departments or organizations to punish the appraisers who refuse to testify in court.

If a party requests a refund of the appraisal fee, the people’s court shall make a ruling within three days and order the appraiser to return it; Those who refuse to return it shall be executed by the people’s court according to law.

The people’s court shall allow the parties to apply for re-appraisal because the appraiser refuses to testify in court.

(New provisions)

Article 82 With the permission of the court, a party may ask an expert witness or an inspector.

No inappropriate words and methods such as threats and insults shall be used when asking the appraisers and inspectors.

(Article 60 of the old regulations was revised)

Article 60 With the permission of the court, the parties may put questions to witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors.

Questioning witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors shall not use words and methods that threaten, insult or improperly guide witnesses.

Article 83 Where a party applies for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court in accordance with Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Law and Article 122 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the application shall specify the basic information of the person with specialized knowledge and the purpose of the application.

If the people’s court allows the parties to apply, it shall notify both parties.

Article 84 A judge may question a person with specialized knowledge. With the permission of the court, the parties may ask people with specialized knowledge, and the people with specialized knowledge applied by the parties may confront the relevant issues in the case.

People with specialized knowledge shall not participate in court proceedings other than cross-examination of expert opinions or expressing opinions on professional issues.

(Article 61 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 61 A party may apply to the people’s court for one or two persons with specialized knowledge to appear in court to explain the specialized issues of the case. If the people’s court approves the application, the relevant expenses shall be borne by the party applying.

Judges and parties may question persons with specialized knowledge who appear in court.

With the permission of the people’s court, personnel with specialized knowledge applied by the parties may confront the problems in the case.

Personnel with specialized knowledge can ask the appraiser.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 62 The court shall record the cross-examination of the parties in the record, and the parties shall sign or seal it after checking.

V. Examination and determination of evidence

Article 85 The people’s court shall make a judgment according to law on the basis of the facts of the case that can be proved by evidence.

Judges should comprehensively and objectively examine the evidence in accordance with legal procedures, follow the professional ethics of judges in accordance with the provisions of the law, use logical reasoning and daily life experience to independently judge whether the evidence is probative or not, and make public the reasons and results of the judgment.

(Articles 63 and 64 of the old regulations)

Article 63 The people’s court shall make a judgment according to law on the basis of the facts of the case that can be proved by evidence.

Article 64 A judge shall comprehensively and objectively examine evidence in accordance with legal procedures, follow the professional ethics of judges in accordance with the provisions of the law, use logical reasoning and daily life experience to make an independent judgment on the probative force of evidence, and make public the reasons and results of the judgment.

Article 86 If the parties prove the facts of fraud, coercion or malicious collusion, and prove the facts of oral will or gift, the people’s court is convinced that the possibility of the existence of the facts to be proved can eliminate reasonable doubt, it shall consider that the facts exist.

With regard to the facts related to procedural matters such as litigation preservation and withdrawal, if the people’s court, in combination with the explanations of the parties and relevant evidence, considers that the relevant facts are likely to exist, it may determine that the facts exist.

(New provisions)

Article 87 A judge may examine and determine a single evidence from the following aspects:

(a) whether the evidence is original or not, and whether the duplicates and reproductions are consistent with the originals and originals;

(2) Whether the evidence is relevant to the facts of the case;

(3) Whether the form and source of the evidence comply with the law;

(4) Whether the contents of the evidence are true;

(5) Whether the witness or the person providing evidence has any interest with the party concerned.

(Article 65 of the old rules)

Article 65 A judge may examine and determine a single evidence from the following aspects: (1) Whether the evidence is original or original, and whether the copies and reproductions are consistent with the original or original; (2) Whether the evidence is relevant to the facts of the case; (3) Whether the form and source of the evidence comply with the law; (4) Whether the contents of the evidence are true; (five) whether the witness or the person who provides evidence has any interest with the party concerned.

Article 88 A judge shall comprehensively examine and judge all the evidence of a case from the aspects of the degree of correlation between the evidence and the facts of the case and the connection between the evidence.

(Article 66 of the old regulations)

Article 66 A judge shall comprehensively examine and judge all the evidence of a case from the aspects of the degree of correlation between the evidence and the facts of the case and the connection between the evidence.

Article 89 The people’s court shall confirm the evidence recognized by the parties in the course of litigation. Except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations.

If a party repents of the recognized evidence, it shall be handled with reference to the provisions of Article 229 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

(New provisions)

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 67 In litigation, the recognition of the facts of the case involved in the compromise made by the parties for the purpose of reaching a mediation agreement or reconciliation shall not be used as evidence against them in subsequent litigation.

Article 68 Evidence obtained by infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of others or violating the prohibitive provisions of law cannot be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of a case.

Article 90 The following evidence cannot be used alone as the basis for determining the facts of a case:

(a) the statement of the parties;

(2) Testimony made by a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct that is not commensurate with his age, intelligence or mental health;

(3) Testimony of a witness who has an interest in one party or his agent;

(4) Audio-visual materials and electronic data with doubts;

(five) copies and reproductions that cannot be checked with the original and the original.

(Article 69 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 69 The following evidence cannot be used alone as the basis for determining the facts of a case:

(1) Testimonies made by minors that are not commensurate with their age and intellectual status;

(2) Testimony issued by a witness who has an interest relationship with one party or his agent;

(3) Audio-visual materials with doubts;

(four) copies and reproductions that cannot be checked with the original and the original;

(5) Testimony of witnesses who fail to testify in court without justifiable reasons.

Article 91 A copy containing part or all of the contents made by the producer of official documents and documentary evidence according to the original document has the same probative force as the original document.

If a copy, duplicate or abridged version of a document filed in a state organ is certified by the archival department or the organ that made the original as consistent with the original, the copy, duplicate or abridged version shall have the same probative force as the original.

(New provisions)

Article 92 The authenticity of private documentary evidence shall be borne by the party who advocates to prove the facts of the case by private documentary evidence.

A private document certificate is presumed to be authentic if it is signed, sealed or stamped by the producer or his agent.

If there are deletions, alterations, additions or other defects in the private document certificate, the people’s court shall judge its probative force based on the specific circumstances of the case.

(New provisions)

Article 93 The people’s court shall make a comprehensive judgment on the authenticity of electronic data in combination with the following factors:

(1) Whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend is complete and reliable;

(2) Whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend is in normal operation, or whether it will affect the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data when it is not in normal operation;

(3) Whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend has effective monitoring and verification means to prevent errors;

(four) whether the electronic data is completely preserved, transmitted and extracted, and whether the methods of preservation, transmission and extraction are reliable;

(five) whether the electronic data is formed and stored in the normal activities;

(six) whether the subject of saving, transmitting and extracting electronic data is appropriate;

(seven) other factors affecting the integrity and reliability of electronic data.

If the people’s court deems it necessary, it may examine and judge the authenticity of electronic data by means of identification or inspection.

(New provisions)

Article 94 The people’s court may confirm the authenticity of electronic data in any of the following circumstances, unless there is evidence to the contrary sufficient to refute it:

(a) electronic data submitted or kept by the parties to their disadvantage;

(2) Provided or confirmed by a neutral third-party platform for recording and storing electronic data;

(3) Formed in the normal business activities;

(4) kept by means of file management;

(5) preserved, transmitted or extracted in the manner agreed by the parties.

If the contents of electronic data have been notarized by a notary office, the people’s court shall confirm its authenticity, unless there is evidence to the contrary enough to overturn it.

(New provisions)

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 70 The people’s court shall confirm the probative force of the following evidence presented by one party if the other party objects to it but there is no evidence to the contrary that can be refuted:

(1) The original documentary evidence or the photocopies, photos, duplicates and excerpts verified with the original documentary evidence;

(two) the original material evidence or copies, photos, video materials, etc. that are verified with the original material evidence;

(3) Audio-visual materials that are corroborated by other evidence and obtained by legal means, or copies that are verified with the audio-visual materials;

(four) a party applies to the people’s court to make a record of the inspection of the physical evidence or the scene in accordance with legal procedures.

Article 71 If the parties to an appraisal conclusion made by an appraisal department entrusted by a people’s court have no evidence and reasons to the contrary, it may be deemed as probative.

Article 72 If the evidence presented by one party is not enough to refute, the people’s court may confirm its probative force.

If one party objects to the evidence presented by one party and the other party rebuts it, the probative force of the rebuttal evidence can be confirmed if the other party approves it.

Article 73 If both parties adduce opposite evidence for the same fact, but there is no sufficient basis to deny the evidence of the other party, the people’s court shall, in light of the circumstances of the case, judge whether the probative force of the evidence provided by one party is obviously greater than that provided by the other party, and confirm the evidence with greater probative force.

If it is difficult to determine the disputed facts because the probative force of the evidence cannot be judged, the people’s court shall make a judgment according to the rules on the allocation of burden of proof.

Article 74 In the course of litigation, the people’s court shall confirm the facts and approved evidence that the parties admit against themselves in the indictment, defense, statement and the attorney’s statement, unless the parties repent and have evidence to the contrary enough to overturn them.

Article 95 If a party refuses to submit evidence under control without justifiable reasons, and the party who bears the burden of proof for the facts to be proved claims that the content of the evidence is not conducive to the controller, the people’s court may hold that the claim is established.

(Article 75 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 75 If there is evidence to prove that one party refuses to provide the evidence without justifiable reasons, if the other party claims that the content of the evidence is not conducive to the evidence holder, it can be presumed that the claim is established.

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 76 If the parties only state their own claims and cannot provide other relevant evidence, their claims will not be supported. Except those approved by the other party.

Article 77 The people’s court may determine the probative force of several evidences on the same fact according to the following principles:

(a) the probative force of official documents and documentary evidence produced by state organs and social organizations according to their functions and powers is generally greater than other documentary evidence;

(2) Physical evidence, archives, expert conclusions, transcripts of inquests or notarized and registered documentary evidence are generally more probative than other documentary evidence, audio-visual materials and witness testimony;

(3) The probative force of the original evidence is generally greater than that of the incoming evidence;

(4) The probative force of direct evidence is generally greater than that of indirect evidence;

(five) the testimony provided by a witness is beneficial to the parties who have relatives or other close relations with him, and its probative force is generally less than that of other witnesses.

Article 96 A people’s court may make a judgment by comprehensively analyzing the intelligence, moral character, knowledge, experience, legal awareness and professional skills of a witness when determining the testimony of a witness.

(Article 78 of the old regulations)

Article 78 A people’s court may make a judgment by comprehensively analyzing the intelligence, moral character, knowledge, experience, legal awareness and professional skills of a witness when determining the testimony of a witness.

Article 97 The people’s court shall state the reasons for the admissibility of evidence in the judgment document.

The reasons for the admissibility of evidence that is uncontroversial to the parties may not be stated in the judgment document.

(Article 79 of the old regulations)

Article 79 The people’s court shall state the reasons for the admissibility of evidence in the judgment document.

The reasons for the admissibility of evidence that is uncontroversial to the parties may not be stated in the judgment document.

VI. Others

Article 98 The lawful rights and interests of witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors shall be protected according to law.

If a party or other litigant participants forge or destroy evidence, provide false evidence, prevent witnesses from testifying, instigate, bribe or coerce others to commit perjury, or take revenge on witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors, they shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Articles 110 and 111 of the Civil Procedure Law.

(Article 80 of the old regulations was revised)

Article 80 The lawful rights and interests of witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors shall be protected according to law.

If a party or other litigant participants forge or destroy evidence, provide false evidence, prevent witnesses from testifying, instigate, bribe or coerce others to commit perjury, or take revenge on witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors, they shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law.

Article 99 Where there are no provisions on evidence preservation in these Provisions, reference shall be made to the provisions on property preservation in applicable laws and judicial interpretations.

Except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations, the provisions on questioning witnesses in these Provisions shall apply to the inquiries of parties, appraisers and people with specialized knowledge; The provisions on documentary evidence apply to audio-visual materials and electronic data; Audio-visual materials stored in electronic media such as electronic computers shall be governed by the provisions of electronic data.

(New provisions)

The new rules have been deleted.

Article 81 The people’s courts shall apply summary procedures to hear cases, and shall not be restricted by the provisions of Article 32, Paragraph 3 of Article 33 and Article 79 of this Interpretation.

Article 82 If the past judicial interpretations of this Court are inconsistent with these Provisions, these Provisions shall prevail.

Article 100th These Provisions shall come into force as of May 1, 2020.

After the promulgation and implementation of these Provisions, if the judicial interpretation previously issued by the Supreme People’s Court is inconsistent with these Provisions, it will no longer apply.

(Article 83 of the old regulations is revised)

Article 83 These Provisions shall come into force as of April 1, 2002. These provisions shall not apply to civil cases of first instance, second instance and retrial that have not been concluded on April 1, 2002.

The people’s court shall not support a civil case that has been tried before the implementation of these Provisions, and the parties apply for retrial on the grounds of violating these Provisions.

These Provisions shall apply to the retrial of civil cases accepted after the implementation of these Provisions, which are tried by the people’s court in accordance with the provisions of Article 186 of the Civil Procedure Law.

Source: those things about legal persons

Original title: "At a glance! Comparison table of new and old provisions of the Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedure (implemented on May 1, 2020).

[Song Changle/Editor of Titanium Media] Today, at the conference of "Future Forum New Centennial of Human Cognition", Li Yanhong made a keynote speech on "Technological Innovation and Model Innovation". When Li Yanhong came to power, the heart of Titanium Media Xiaobian was excited, because as Li Yanhong’s first public appearance after the Post Bar event, it is very possible to respond to the Post Bar event with this speech.

Judging from the on-site performance, although Li Yanhong took the stage as the first guest speaker, he looked a little tired and his voice was low. In response to the post bar incident, Li Yanhong only alluded to one sentence at the opening:

This week is a very special week for Baidu. Thanks to the concern of friends, we will reflect deeply, hoping to turn the crisis into an opportunity and let Baidu go further with you.

Followed by talking about China’s innovation, of course, I don’t forget to insert Baidu’s hard work from time to time. Li Yanhong said that there are many difficulties to overcome in innovation in China, and the two biggest difficulties are:

In enterprises in China, most of our working languages are still Chinese, which leads to a problem. If the best talents in the world come to China, it is actually very difficult for them to stay here comfortably and for a long time. Because he doesn’t speak the language.

Besides, English in Chinese is generally poor. In fact, people in non-Latin-speaking countries have weaknesses in this area. We have to spend much more time than others to learn what others are born with, which consumes a lot of our time.

In this regard, Li Yanhong said, for example, that outstanding talents from all over the world are willing to go to Silicon Valley if you let them go. He thinks that it is not only the center of global innovation, but also everyone speaks the same language and English. In China, we can’t do this.

For example, like Baidu, we have recruited many people with international backgrounds, such as returnees. When they first entered our company, when they communicated by email, they all wrote in English. After two months, I basically wrote Chinese. This environment is very strong in Chinese, and this culture is very China-like.

He said that the environment in which employees live still makes it difficult for everyone to produce such inclusiveness, and it is difficult to attract the best talents in the world to enter such a culture. Therefore, if we want to become a real innovation-led transition in China, we will face language barriers and cultural barriers.

However, Li Yanhong also mentioned that China has an advantage in innovation, that is, it has the opportunity to try first.

Li Yanhong mentioned that what Baidu is doing now is unmanned vehicles. On the one hand, it needs a lot of technology and innovation, and it takes a long time to invest and work hard, but at the same time, it is also such a thing that will change the existing pattern.

When it comes to driverless cars, he also admits that both Europe and the United States are facing legal, ethical and road disputes.

So how to make China a truly innovative country? Li Yanhong’s answer is: foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. On the one hand, we should make good use of China’s user market; on the other hand, we should make China’s language and cultural defects less obvious.

Li Yanhong finally mentioned that,We like being challenged by others very much. Even if we don’t know each other very well, we can speak frankly about the problems we see. The more we argue, the more progress we make, and the more likely we are to make innovations.

Good morning, everyone. I didn’t expect so many outstanding scientists and entrepreneurs to gather together today when I started to do the future forum a year ago, especially today’s meeting, which was completely full, with 2500 people signing up for the 800-person venue. It really aroused the interest of a lot of people. I’m the first to talk about it today.Everyone knows that this past week has been a very special week for Baidu. Thanks to the concern of friends, we will also reflect deeply, hoping to turn the crisis into an opportunity and let Baidu go further with you.

In fact, today’s forum is very related to the long-term. The theme of the forum is the new century of human cognition. On this occasion, everyone wants to open their minds and think about something longer-term, to discuss the future, to discuss the future of science, to discuss the future of technology, to discuss the future of the country, to discuss the future of the nation, and why so many people are so interested in this matter and long-term things now. I think there is actually a prerequisite, that is, the era we live in today is very different from that of a hundred years ago.

A hundred years ago, China was probably the weakest country in the world, although it was also a big country. Today, we should say that we are in a prosperous time. Only when you are in a prosperous time, will so many people have such a mood and such an ideal to do something long-term for our future generations and for mankind.

So today I want to talk about a topic that I have been thinking about for a long time. How can China’s innovation ability be further improved and how can China, not only a big country, but also an innovative country, have a strong position in the field of global innovation, even a leading position?

I’m thinking, in fact, we have many difficulties to overcome in order to do this. The two biggest difficulties are:

One is language.Language is that every one of us may have this experience, which means that when you are studying, whether in middle school or college, you spend a lot of time learning English. When I was in college, I probably spent about one-third of my time studying English, taking TOEFL and GRE. When I was studying, I was thinking that the world is too unfair. Americans don’t have to learn English, and I don’t have to spend so much time learning a language when I was in college. But we in Chinese, people from non-English-speaking countries, especially non-Latin-speaking countries, all have weaknesses in this respect. We have to spend much more time than others to learn what others are born with, which consumes a lot of our time.

Related to this is culture. Up to today, most of our working languages in enterprises in China are still Chinese, which leads to a problem. If the world’s best talents come to China, it is actually very difficult for them to stay here comfortably and for a long time. Because he doesn’t speak the language.
Our culture in China.

Actually, the second obstacle I mentioned is that our China culture is not so inclusive at present.China is not an immigrant country. Of course, in the past, our population may be too large and controlled, but generally speaking, outstanding talents from all over the world are willing to let him go to Silicon Valley. He thinks that it is not only the center of global innovation, but also everyone speaks the same language and English. In China, we can’t do this.

In fact, it’s not that we haven’t tried. For example, Baidu has recruited many people with international backgrounds, such as returnees. When they first entered our company, they all wrote in English when they communicated by email. After two months, I basically wrote Chinese. This environment is very strong in Chinese, and this culture is very China-like.

Not only enterprises in China, in fact, I know a Japanese enterprise, the largest e-commerce company in Japan, called Lotte. His founder made a similar observation, so he forced all employees of Lotte to use English as their working language. However, I see that the effect is not particularly obvious. His whole culture and the environment in which his employees live still make it difficult for everyone to have this kind of inclusiveness, and it is difficult to attract the best talents in the world to enter such a culture. This is what I see. If we want to become a real innovation and lead the transition, China will face language and cultural obstacles.

At the same time, I also see that we have an advantage in innovation. There are some things that others don’t have, especially in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. I think the reason why China has been able to have such a long and sustained high-speed economic growth is very related to the concept, that is, to try first. Before many things were thought out clearly, our environment and our problem allowed you to try and try and make mistakes, which led to many things being done quickly in China, a building being built quickly, and the high-speed rail being the best and most developed railway transportation system in the world.

Specific to what we are doing now, for example, what Baidu is doing now is unmanned vehicles. On the one hand, it needs a lot of technology and innovation, and it takes a long time to invest and work, but at the same time, it will also change the existing pattern. So we see that there are companies in the United States and companies in Europe are doing this unmanned vehicle.

But we have seen that in these countries, especially in the United States, there are not only technical differences, but also disputes on the road, and there are also many disputes in law and ethics.For example, a question that many people are asking is that when an unmanned vehicle needs to make a choice, walking to the left and killing a child and walking to the right and killing an old man, how do you choose and who is responsible for the result? In our opinion, this argument is of little significance. Even a person can’t make a good judgment. Now we need an unmanned vehicle technology that is still in a very early stage and very infancy to make such a judgment. The requirements for it are too high.

I believe that there will not be so many such requirements in China, which will enable many innovations to have more opportunities for trial and error in China, and we may be at the forefront of innovation in the world.

Therefore, I think China has an advantage in trying first, which is of great value to innovation. Of course, we also have an advantage that the whole world does not have. It is the huge market in China. There are more than 700 million Internet users in China, and our population of more than one billion may be the largest single market in the world. If the population is long ago, it is almost any field, our Internet field and even other traditional industries. When we look at this head, this market is the largest market.

With the largest market, you have many opportunities to try, try and make mistakes and innovate. We have encountered problems that have not been encountered elsewhere. So we should have the opportunity to think first and find a solution first. The generation of solutions is actually the process of innovation.

Therefore, I think that the concept of trying first in the huge market will be two very, very important advantages for China to innovate in the future.

Then, in order to make China a truly innovative country, we shouldOn the one hand, we should develop our strengths and give full play to our advantages in these areas; on the other hand, we should avoid our weaknesses, or make up for our shortcomings in language and culture, so as to make them less obvious.

In fact, I know that there is a project called Yanjing School in Peking University, which is to attract students from all over the world to study in China and Peking University. After graduating from university, they will come here to study for a master’s degree. This major is called China Studies. In fact, it is what they come here to study. I don’t think it is the most critical thing. The most important thing is to say that all the tuition fees are included. In this way, we can attract outstanding talents from all over the world to come to China to get in touch with China’s culture, Chinese and our language when they are very young.

In this way, these people will be given some opportunities to contact if they can make something good in China when they want to enter the field of work. Therefore, in the future, perhaps we entrepreneurs should give more aid to these good universities, so that they can provide good scholarships to foreigners and people from all over the world to study in China. In this way, they will be educated in China, understand the language and culture of China, and have more opportunities to do things here in the future. This is the first thing I think can be made up for.

The second one is actually related to the awards that we will release this afternoon. We will make some scientific awards to reward those innovations made in China and scientific innovations. In this case, I think all kinds of talents will be attracted, which will make everyone feel that being a Science has face, respect and a future. We can do all these things.

Of course, at the cultural level and the language level, we still have a lot to try and imagine. Every entrepreneur here should consider such a problem. Maybe one day China will become such a language, and it may become a much more open culture than it is now. People from all fields and nationalities in the world are willing to come to China and do what they want to do here, so this is what we can do.

What we can do is the so-called cross-border. Today, these people really represent many different fields. People from these different fields communicate and collide together, which also plays a very important role in promoting innovation.

In the past year, the Future Forum held a lot of lectures and closed-door seminars on understanding the future. I also participated in one or two of them. I think it is very good that people from different fields can get together and communicate and argue openly. We like being challenged by others very much. Even if we are not very familiar with each other, we can speak frankly about the problems we see. The more we argue, the more progress we make, and the more likely we are to make innovations.

Therefore, I also hope that today’s future annual meeting will not only bring together outstanding scientists, entrepreneurs and talents in different fields, but more importantly, when we get together, such communication will generate more and more innovations, which will enable China to gradually become a country leading global innovation. Thank you.

Although cars can improve the convenience of people’s travel, safety is still an unavoidable topic. Therefore, many car companies have begun to upgrade the safety of their models. Of course, for consumers, a car with complete active and passive safety configurations will be more popular. I’ll arrange it for you by the way today. Let’s take a look at its performance.

Let’s look at the appearance of the Accord first. The front of the Accord looks very sharp, and it looks sporty with the U-shaped big mouth net. Combined with the headlights, the exquisiteness of the whole vehicle has been greatly improved. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4980MM*1862MM*1449MM, and the car adopts unique lines. The side circumference looks very round, and with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. Looking back, the rear of the car echoes the front of the car, the taillight style is more fashionable and dynamic, and the exhaust pipe uses a hidden design, which is very simple.

When I came into the car, the interior looked very sharp and the overall recognition was high. The steering wheel of the car is well designed, equipped with functions such as manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, and its practicality and face value are not bad. Let’s take a look at the central control, which is decorated with a 12.3-inch central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The car is equipped with a beautiful dashboard and looks tough. The car uses leather seats, which are wrapped in place and have good support and comfort.

Accord is matched with CVT gearbox, with a maximum power of 141KW and a maximum torque of 260N.m, and its power performance is good.

In addition, the car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, interior atmosphere light, engine start and stop and other configurations.

Do you have the urge to buy a car after reading the whole article? Let me make a summary. The model class introduced today is the most considered class when many people buy their first car, mainly because the size of this class is moderate and the price is reasonable.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a strategic plan for the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era from the overall height and long-term perspective of the development of the cause of the party and the country, demanding that the first century-long struggle goal be achieved by building a well-off society in an all-round way, and that a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way be started to March towards the second century-long struggle goal. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a political declaration and program of action for our party to enter a new era, start a new journey and continue to write a new chapter, which points out the way forward for the further development of the cause of the party and the country. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historical orientation of our country. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we should conscientiously implement it with practical actions and constantly push forward the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　First, work hard and work hard to build a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　Building a well-off society in an all-round way is an important milestone in the process of socialist modernization in China. At the beginning of reform and opening-up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the strategic idea of building a well-off society. According to this idea, our party made strategic arrangements for China’s socialist modernization and put forward the strategic goal of "three steps". Among them, the two strategic goals of solving the problem of people’s food and clothing and achieving a well-off life in general have been successfully achieved in the late 1980s and the end of the last century respectively. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that a well-off society with a higher level should be built in an all-round way in the first two decades of this century, and the 17th and 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward a series of new requirements for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　Significant progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we have actively promoted socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction, and made new significant progress in building a well-off society in an all-round way. With great political courage and strong responsibility, the CPC Central Committee has put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, promulgated a series of major principles and policies, launched a series of major measures, promoted a series of major tasks, solved many long-term unsolved problems, and accomplished many major events that we wanted to do in the past. On the basis of the great achievements made in China’s development since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, it has promoted historic changes in the cause of the party and the state, and the country’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, and integration.

　　From the perspective of economic and social development: First, the economy is developing steadily and healthily. With the increasing base, 2013&mdash; In 2016, the GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.2%, contributing more than 30% to the world economic growth. At present, the economic development is stable and improving. In 2017, China’s total economic output will reach 80 trillion yuan, accounting for 12 trillion US dollars, ranking second in the world. Second, the economic structure has been continuously optimized. 2013&mdash; In 2016, the proportion of service industry increased from 46.7% to 51.6%, the contribution rate of consumption to economic growth increased from 47% to 64.6%, the added value of high-tech industries increased from 9.9% to 12.4%, and the urbanization rate of permanent residents increased from 53.7% to 57.4%. The Belt and Road Initiative, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have achieved remarkable results. xiong’an new area’s planning and construction have been solidly promoted, and the construction of an innovative country has achieved fruitful results. Third, a major breakthrough has been made in comprehensively deepening reform. Over the past five years, more than 1,500 reform initiatives have been launched, including reforms in finance and taxation, finance, state-owned enterprises and the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services", with unprecedented strength, which has enhanced the impetus for economic and social development. Fourth, the people’s sense of gain has been significantly enhanced. 2013&mdash; In 2016, the number of new jobs in cities and towns remained at more than 13 million per year, and the average annual real income of the national residents increased by 7.4%, exceeding the economic growth rate.The number of poor people in rural areas decreased from 82.49 million to 43.35 million, and the incidence of poverty decreased from 8.5% to 4.5%. The average life expectancy increased from 74.83 years in 2010 to 76.5 years in 2016. Fifth, the construction of ecological civilization has achieved remarkable results. The concept of green development was deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and the system of ecological civilization system was accelerated. The action plan for the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution was formulated and thoroughly implemented. The average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 74 key cities decreased from 72 μ g/m3 in 2013 to 50 μ g/m3 in 2016, with a cumulative decrease of 30.6%. Continue to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, 2013&mdash; In 2016, the energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 17.9%. Sixth, opening up to the outside world has been deepening. The new system of open economy has been gradually improved. In 2016, the total import and export value of goods trade reached 3.68 trillion US dollars, foreign capital utilization reached 126 billion US dollars, foreign direct investment reached 170.1 billion US dollars, and 122 million people traveled abroad. At the end of the year, foreign exchange reserves reached 3,010.5 billion US dollars, ranking among the top in the world. At the same time, great strides have been made in the construction of democracy and the rule of law, great progress has been made in ideological and cultural construction, new progress has been made in the work of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the all-round diplomatic layout has been carried out in depth, and the party has been strictly managed in an all-round way. These historic achievements and changes mark that China’s development has reached a new historical starting point and laid a decisive foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled.

　　Shortcomings and weaknesses in building a well-off society in an all-round way. The main reasons are that some outstanding problems of insufficient unbalanced development have not been solved, the quality and efficiency of development are not high, the innovation ability is not strong enough, the level of real economy needs to be improved, and financial risks have accumulated; There are still many shortcomings in the field of people’s livelihood. At present, there are still more than 40 million rural poor people, and the task of getting rid of poverty is arduous. The gap between urban and rural regional development and income distribution is still large, and the people face many problems in employment, education, medical care, housing and old-age care. Ecological environmental protection has a long way to go. It takes long-term hard work to control high-consumption and high-pollution industries and eliminate excess and backward production capacity. There are still many debts in ecological restoration. Heavy polluted weather occurs from time to time in autumn and winter in the north, which is still far from the people’s expectations for a beautiful ecological environment. The level of social civilization needs to be improved, social contradictions and problems are intertwined, the task of comprehensively governing the country according to law is still arduous, and the national governance system and governance capacity need to be strengthened. We must adhere to the problem orientation, focus on solving the outstanding contradictions and problems according to the requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　Ensure that the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is achieved as scheduled. From now until 2020, it is the decisive period for building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the task is arduous and arduous. In accordance with the requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way put forward by the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we should adhere to the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, closely follow the major contradictions and changes in our society, focus on key points, make up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and take more effective measures to win a great victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way. First, we should promote economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction as a whole. Unify the "five in one" construction with the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and promote the mutual promotion and complement each other. Second, we should implement the strategies of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, innovation-driven development, rural revitalization, regional coordinated development, sustainable development and integration of defense and civilian technologies development to provide important strategic support for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Third, we must promote sustained and healthy economic development. Adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, deepen structural reform on the supply side, accelerate the transformation of development mode, optimize economic structure, and transform growth momentum, and continuously enhance the endogenous motivation of economic development. We will implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, make timely and moderate pre-adjustments and fine-adjustments, and keep the economy running in a reasonable range. Fourth, we must resolutely fight hard to prevent and resolve major risks. Attach great importance to potential risks in the fields of finance, local debt, information security and social stability, and enhance the sense of hardship and bottom line thinking.Actively take effective measures to effectively curb incremental risks, orderly resolve stock risks, and resolutely hold the bottom line of no systematic risks. Fifth, we must resolutely win the battle against poverty. Adhere to precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation, continue to concentrate on increasing investment, overcome difficulties, and have the courage to bite hard bones to ensure that by 2020, the rural poor will be lifted out of poverty under the current standards, and all poverty-stricken counties will be stripped of their hats to solve regional overall poverty and make up for the biggest shortcoming of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Sixth, we must resolutely fight the battle against pollution. Adhere to Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, promote green development, strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction, continue to implement the action plan for the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution, focus on solving outstanding environmental problems, strengthen the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, reform the ecological environment supervision mechanism, and promote the formation of a new pattern of harmonious development and modernization between man and nature.

　　He who travels a hundred miles is half ninety. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is a solemn commitment made by our party to the people and history. We should complete all tasks with the spirit of final sprint and courage to take responsibility, so that building a well-off society in an all-round way can be recognized by the people and stand the test of history.

　　Second, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission and describe the grand blueprint for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way

　　The five years from the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is the historical intersection of the goal of "two hundred years". Based on a comprehensive analysis of the international and domestic situation and China’s development conditions, on the basis of in-depth study and repeated argumentation, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that in the 30 years from 2020 to the middle of this century, the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country will be arranged in two stages, with each stage being 15 years.

　　In the first stage, from 2020 to 2035, on the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we will struggle for another 15 years and basically realize socialist modernization. This means that the third step of the "three-step" strategy originally proposed by our party, that is, basically realizing modernization, will be realized 15 years ahead of schedule. This is because in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economy has developed continuously and rapidly, industrialization and urbanization have advanced rapidly, various undertakings have made all-round progress, and the country’s appearance has undergone unprecedented tremendous changes. With the current good foundation and development momentum, it is certain to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035.

　　The main objectives and requirements for basically realizing socialist modernization are:

　　&mdash; &mdash; In terms of economic construction, China’s economic strength and scientific and technological strength will greatly jump and rank among the forefront of innovative countries. China’s economy will maintain medium-to-high-speed growth, the industry will move towards the middle and high-end level, and the economic development will realize a fundamental change from quantity and scale expansion to quality and efficiency improvement. The socialist market economic system will be more perfect, the new pattern of all-round opening-up will be accelerated, and the economic vitality will be significantly enhanced. A number of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters have been formed, the total factor productivity has been significantly improved, and a modern economic system has basically been built. The spatial pattern of development has been optimized, the urbanization pattern with urban agglomeration as the main body and coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns has basically taken shape, the infrastructure system has been more complete, and the quality of cities has been significantly improved. The ability of scientific and technological innovation has been continuously enhanced. After building an innovative country in 2020, it will jump to the forefront of innovative countries in 2035.

　　&mdash; &mdash; In terms of political construction, the people’s rights to equal participation and equal development have been fully guaranteed, a country ruled by law, a government ruled by law and a society ruled by law have been basically established, all aspects of the system have been improved, and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity has been basically realized. The leadership of the party, the people being the masters of the country and the rule of law have achieved a high degree of organic unity. People’s democracy has developed more fully, the system of people’s congresses and CPPCC has been improved, democratic elections, democratic consultations, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision have been effectively implemented, human rights have been fully guaranteed, and people’s enthusiasm, initiative and creativity have been further exerted. The credibility and execution of the government have been greatly enhanced, and a service-oriented government that the people are satisfied with has been basically completed. The rule of law has been fully implemented, and the situation of scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, fair justice and law-abiding for all people has basically taken shape.

　　&mdash; &mdash; In terms of cultural construction, the degree of social civilization has reached a new height, the country’s cultural soft power has been significantly enhanced, and the influence of Chinese culture has been more extensive and in-depth. The Chinese dream and socialist core values are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideas are widely promoted, and the cultural self-confidence, cultural consciousness and cultural cohesion of all people are constantly improving. Social customs that attach importance to social morality, professional ethics, family virtues and personal morality have basically been cultivated, and people’s ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and health quality have been significantly improved. The public cultural service system, modern cultural industry system and market system have been basically completed, cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries have been more extensive, and Chinese culture has reached a new level by going abroad.

　　&mdash; &mdash; In terms of people’s livelihood and social construction, people’s lives are more affluent, the proportion of middle-income groups has increased significantly, the gap between urban and rural regional development and the gap between residents’ living standards has narrowed significantly, the equalization of basic public services has basically been realized, and all people have taken solid steps towards common prosperity. Realize the beautiful vision of being educated for young children, learning to teach, earning from hard work, getting medical care for illness, providing for the old, living and supporting the weak, and achieving higher quality and full employment. China has entered the ranks of high-income countries, and its life expectancy and national education level have reached the advanced level in the world. The governance pattern of modern society has basically taken shape, and the society is full of vitality and harmonious and orderly. The benign interaction between government governance, social regulation and residents’ autonomy fully demonstrates fairness and justice, and people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security is more substantial, more secure and more sustainable.

　　&mdash; &mdash; In terms of ecological civilization construction, the ecological environment has fundamentally improved, and the goal of a beautiful China has basically been achieved. A clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system and a green and low-carbon circular economic system have been basically established, and system of ecological civilization has become more sound. The production mode and lifestyle of green development have basically taken shape, and the utilization efficiency of resources such as energy and water has reached the international advanced level. The environmental conditions such as atmosphere, water and soil have obviously improved, the ecological security barrier system has been basically established, the land development pattern of safe and efficient production space, comfortable and livable living space and green ecological space has been formed, and the quality and stability of natural ecosystems such as forests, rivers, lakes, wetlands, grasslands and oceans have been significantly improved. China’s total carbon emissions will show a downward trend after reaching the peak around 2030, which will play an important role in coping with global climate change and promoting green development.

　　In the second stage, from 2035 to the middle of this century, on the basis of basically realizing modernization, we will strive for another 15 years to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power. Looking forward to China at that time, by persistently promoting the "five in one" construction, China’s socialist material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization and ecological civilization will be comprehensively promoted. First, China will have a high level of material civilization, the level of social productivity will be greatly improved, its core competitiveness will rank among the best in the world, its economic aggregate and market scale will surpass other countries, and it will become a prosperous and powerful socialist modernization power. Second, China will have a high degree of political civilization, form a lively political situation with centralization, democracy, discipline, freedom, unified will and personal comfort, and organically combine the rule of law with the rule of virtue to build a democratic socialist modernization power. Third, China will have a high level of spiritual civilization, and the practice of socialist core values will become the conscious action of the whole society, and the quality of the people will be significantly improved. China spirit, China values and China’s strength will become the important influence and driving force for China’s development and build a civilized socialist modernization power. Fourth, China will have a high degree of social civilization, urban and rural residents will generally have a higher income, a well-off life, sound basic public services, and enjoy a happier and healthier life. All people will basically achieve common prosperity, fairness and justice will be generally manifested, and the society will be full of vitality, standardized and orderly, and a harmonious socialist modernization power will be built.Fifth, China will have a high degree of ecological civilization, and the beautiful ecological environment with sky blue, green land and clear water will become the general norm, creating a new realm of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and building a beautiful socialist modernization power. At that time, China, as an ancient country with a history of more than 5,000 years of civilization, will glow with unprecedented vitality, modernize its national governance system and capacity, become a country with leading comprehensive national strength and international influence, and make greater contributions to building a community of human destiny and promoting world peace and development. The Chinese nation will stand among the nations of the world with a more high-spirited attitude and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　3. Perseverance and perseverance, and strive to advance the great cause of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　It is a strategic arrangement to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way from building a well-off society in an all-round way to basically realizing modernization, and then to building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power in an all-round way. The blueprint is grand and the goal is ambitious. One point for deployment and nine points for implementation. To turn blueprints and goals into reality, we must follow the decision-making arrangements of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, grasp the iron and mark the stone, and do a good job of implementation with the spirit of nailing.

　　First, we should study, understand and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, and better lead the development of the cause of the Party and the people. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, the crystallization of the practical experience and collective wisdom of the Party and the people, an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, and an action guide for the whole party and people to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which must be adhered to and continuously developed for a long time. It is necessary to carry out the education on the theme of "Do not forget your initiative mind, Remember Mission" in the whole party, enhance the consciousness and firmness of study and implementation, deeply understand and grasp the scientific system, spiritual essence, rich connotation and practical requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era in the whole process of socialist modernization and embody it in all aspects of party building, better coordinate and promote the overall layout of "five in one" and the strategic layout of "four comprehensiveness".

　　Second, we must closely follow the changes in the main contradictions in our society and do a good job in developing this party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economy has developed rapidly, and its social production capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The output of more than 220 industrial and agricultural products ranks first in the world. At present, the more prominent problem is insufficient development imbalance. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a major judgment, pointing out that the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development. At the same time, the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time have not changed, and China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. The change of the principal contradiction in our society is a historic change that concerns the overall situation and puts forward many new requirements for the work of the party and the state. We should take economic construction as the center, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implement new development concepts, build a modern economic system, put quality first and benefit first, take supply-side structural reform as the main line, make efforts to accelerate the construction of an industrial system with coordinated development of real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance and human resources, make efforts to build an economic system with effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-subjects and moderate macro-control, and continuously enhance China’s economic innovation and competitiveness. It is necessary to deepen the supply-side structural reform, accelerate the construction of an innovative country, implement the rural revitalization strategy, promote coordinated regional development, and promote the formation of a new pattern of all-round opening up. Insist on deepening reform in an all-round way and speed up the improvement of the socialist market economic system.Promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Adhere to the people-centered development thought, effectively protect and improve people’s livelihood, and constantly promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people. Adhere to the principle of giving priority to conservation, giving priority to protection and giving priority to natural restoration, and form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle of saving resources and protecting the environment. We should be good at planning development from the changed main social contradictions in our country, organically unify the problems of unbalanced development and insufficient development, constantly improve the level of social productive forces, better meet the growing needs of the people in many aspects, and better promote the all-round development of people and social progress.

　　Third, we must earnestly strengthen party leadership and party building to provide a fundamental guarantee for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is the leader of everything. Carry out great struggles, build great projects, advance great undertakings and realize great dreams, among which the new great project of party building plays a decisive role. We must strengthen our political awareness, overall situation awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, strengthen our road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership, implement the "Four Consciousnesses" in our posts and actions, carry out the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee to the letter, and always maintain a high degree of ideological and political consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, so as to ensure that socialist modernization is progressing in the right direction. We will earnestly strengthen the building of the Party’s long-term ruling ability, advancement and purity, comprehensively promote the Party’s political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction and discipline construction, run through the system construction, deepen the anti-corruption struggle, promote the comprehensive and strict management of the Party, continuously improve the Party’s ability and determination to take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies and promote reform, and continuously improve its ability to lead economic and social development.

　　The blueprint has been drawn and the prospect is very bright. We should closely unite around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, emancipate our minds, carry out reform and innovation, forge ahead with determination, work hard, fully implement the Party’s basic theory, line and general plan, and make unremitting efforts to win the victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way, win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and realize the people’s yearning for a better life.

　　Zhang Gaoli

[On May 29th, the soda ash market stabilized and the enterprises had a strong wait-and-see attitude]
Today, the domestic soda ash market continues to maintain stability. The price of light soda ash in Northeast China is 2250-2450 yuan/ton, and the price of heavy soda ash is 2300-2500 yuan/ton; The price of light soda ash in southwest China is 2200-2300 yuan/ton, and the price of heavy soda ash is 2300-2400 yuan/ton.
Soda soda enterprises started to maintain stability, the market supply was sufficient, and enterprises were waiting for orders to be placed, and more orders were delivered in the early stage. Recently, the price of soda ash has not changed much, and the quotation of enterprises has remained firm.
The downstream market demand remained just needed, and the soda ash market remained at a high level.

On November 17th, during the Guangzhou Auto Show that opened today, MG Cyberster, a brand-new soft-top convertible electric sports car owned by SAIC MG, was officially launched. The IT House comes with different configurations and prices as follows:

The car adopts a soft-top convertible design with two doors and two seats. At the same time, the official said that it is the only scissor door+soft-top roadster in the world, with an electrically controlled scissor door with a 61 "golden opening and closing angle".

In terms of configuration, the car has a built-in Qualcomm 8155 chip, and the car is equipped with a unreal engine, which supports real-time rendering. The cockpit adopts an encircling triple screen layout. In addition, the car is also equipped with a BOSE sound system.

In terms of power, the car will provide two kinds of single motors, low power 231kW and high power 250kW. The new car can choose 64kWh and 77kWh batteries, which correspond to the cruising range of 501km, 520km and 580km of the three models respectively.

　　[Autohome domestic spy photos] Recently, in the latest MIIT catalog, we once again found the figure of Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008 (). According to its tail label, the car is expected to be renamed Dongfeng Yipai eπ S08. It is reported that the new car is positioned as a medium and large SUV, and will provide plug-in hybrid and pure electric models, which are expected to be officially launched in the third quarter of this year.

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　　Friendly reminder:I hope that enthusiastic netizens can take pictures of the new car spy photos you found and send them to our corresponding mailbox: diezhao@autohome.com.cn, looking forward to hearing from you and becoming a member of the "spy".

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"Plug-in hybrid"Oh, yeah."

"Pure electric version"Oh, yeah."

　　Looking at the new car, its front face adopts the latest design style, the closed grille is in line with its new energy identity, and the through-type headlight group and the raised rib line of the engine hatch cover make this car look very atmospheric. The plug-in hybrid version has low wind resistance wheels, while the pure electric version has 7-spoke wheels and is equipped with a side-view camera.

"Plug-in hybrid"Oh, yeah."

"Pure electric version"Oh, yeah."

　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 5002/1972/1732mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 3025mm. In terms of the rear, the car adopts the same through-type taillight set as the front, with a spoiler placed on the roof and a black trim at the rear bumper below, which enriches the visual hierarchy of the vehicle.

　　In terms of power, the plug-in hybrid model will be equipped with a combination of 1.5T engine and motor, of which the maximum engine power is 108kW and the pure electric battery life is 154km; the pure electric model motor has a maximum power of 200kW and a cruising range of 636km. For more information on the new car, we will also continue to pay attention to reports. (Text/Autohome Guo Chen)

Recently, Li Xiaohua, a hair stylist in Huaihua, Hunan Province, became popular on the Internet because of her exquisite skills and considerate service. She was called "People’s Barber" by netizens, and her haircut price remained in 30 yuan, which promoted the surrounding business. However, her popularity also attracted ridicule and slander from some colleagues, arguing that Xiaohua directly ruined the whole hairdressing industry, and the whole industry directly regressed for more than ten years because of her appearance. Xiaohua said that many colleagues came to study, which made it difficult for ordinary customers to arrange numbers. She hoped that more ordinary customers could have their hair cut conveniently.

Channel network integrates extreme news, Jinyun, etc.

Tourists have taken photos on the glass bridge. Future Network reporter Li Yingying photo

　　　　　 Zhu Li, secretary of the Party Committee of Sanguansi Tujia Township in Cili County, told the reporter of Future Network that the glass bridge is a key project for poverty alleviation through tourism in Cili County, and the number of tourists is very large. For the sake of safety, the number of receptionists is limited, and no more than 800 people can get on the bridge at a time.

　　A tour group from Taiwan Province, the treasure island of the motherland, told reporters that they have been in Zhangjiajie for six days and have seen many scenic spots. The reporter asked them how they knew about the glass bridge. They said that they learned about it through friends and saw it on the news. This glass bridge is really shocking, glad you came.

Tourists have taken photos on the glass bridge. Future Network reporter Li Yingying photo

The bridge deck of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Glass Bridge is paved with 99 pieces of fully transparent glass. From a distance, the glass bridge is as thin as a cicada’s wing and "invisible" in the landscape and sky, with a relative height of about 300 meters from the bottom of the valley. Visitors can clearly see the cliffs under their feet when walking on the bridge, as if walking in the air.

1905 movie network news　On September 26th, the film held a premiere conference in Beijing. Director and starring Bao Beier, director Janet Chun, actor Wen, Clara, Yoko Spicy, Xu Juncong, Yijun Zeng and Zhang Menglu attended the premiere conference. At the event site, Bao Beier and the article "spit" each other’s works directed by each other, and the invited heroine Clara also gave Bao Beier a princess hug on the spot. The atmosphere is very relaxed.

At the premiere conference, Bao Beier started with a dance with a group of dancers dressed in fat clothes, and then invited her partner in the film. The two sent many super funny "labels" to each other. The article laughs that he and Bao Beier are "each other’s male one", and both serve as first hero for each other’s first film. Bao Beier even gave the article labels such as "refined play" and "putting on fat makeup", praising the article for not only playing well, but also being very dedicated and suffering a lot for fat makeup.

First hero, who became each other’s films, never forgot to make fun of the works directed by themselves. Bao Beier laughed and said that he was shortlisted for the Golden Rooster Award, and was immediately refuted by the article: "What happened to Lu Yao Zhi Ma Li?" Later, Bao Beier said that he had submitted performance awards to major film festivals for the article, hoping that the article would win an award.

When it comes to starring in the Fat Man Action Team, the article says that it is not difficult to star in the "Bao’s comedy". "I can play it when I come up, and it is quite good after the performance." He also revealed that it is not easy to put on the "fat skin" every day, and he only needs to wear makeup for 10 hours, but Bao Beier directs and acts, and wears makeup for almost 15 hours every day.

Recalling being on the set with the article, Bao Beier relayed what the article said to himself. He recalled that the article said to himself after one day’s work: "Xiao Bao, only I can accompany you to do this. If you can do it, I will accompany you. "

In addition to the article, this time Bao Beier also invited Clara and Yoko Ramo to play the "beautiful agents" in the film. Clara gave Bao Beier a princess hug at the scene, like a goddess of strength. Yoko Mori laughed and said that Bao Beier invited himself because he took a fancy to his beauty and attracted Bao Beier’s spit, saying, "It’s all for publicity."

The movie "Fat Man Action Team" will be released nationwide on September 30th.